MISC 02 - Examples of Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Question 1

Used in liquid preparations to provide acidic medium for product stability

Answer 1

Acidifying agent

Question 2

Used in liquid preparations to provide alkaline medium for product stability

Answer 2

Alkalinizing agent

Question 3

An agent capable of holding other molecules onto its surface by physical or chemical means

Answer 3

Adsorbent

Question 4

Agent responsible for developing the pressure within an aerosol container and expelling the product when the valve is opened

Answer 4

Aerosol propellant

Question 5

Agent employed to displace air in a hermetically sealed container to enhance product stability

Answer 5

Air displacement

Question 6

Used in liquid and semisolid preparations to prevent growth of fungi

Answer 6

Antifungal preservative

Question 7

Used in liquid and semisolid preparations to prevent growth of microorganisms

Answer 7

Antimicrobial preservative

Question 8

Used to prevent deterioration of preparations by oxidation

Answer 8

Antioxidant

Question 9

Used to resist change in pH upon dilution or addition of acid or alkali

Answer 9

Buffering agent

Question 10

Substance that forms stable water soluble complexes (chelates) with metals

Answer 10

Chelating agent

Question 10

Used to impart color to liquid and solid preparations

Answer 10

Colorant

Question 11

Used as a filtering aid for its adsorbent qualities

Answer 11

Clarifying agent

Question 12

Used to promote and maintain dispersion of finely subdivided particles of liquid in a vehicle in which it is immiscible

Answer 12

Emulsifying agent

Question 13

Used to form thin shells to enclose a drug for ease of administration

Answer 13

Encapsulating agent

Question 14

Used to impart a pleasant flavor and often odor to a preparation

Answer 14

Flavorant

Question 15

Used to prevent drying of preparations, particularly ointments and creams

Answer 15

Humectant

Question 16

Liquid used as an intervening agent to reduce the particle size of a powder by grinding, usually in a mortar

Answer 16

Levigating agent

Question 17

Semisolid vehicle for medicated ointments

Answer 17

Ointment base

Question 18

Component of film-coating solutions to make film more pliable

Answer 18

Plasticizer

Question 19

Used to dissolve another substance in preparation of a solution

Answer 19

Solvent

Question 20

Used to increase thickness or hardness of a preparation, usually an ointment

Answer 20

Stiffening agent

Question 21

Vehicle for suppositories

Answer 21

Suppository base

Question 22

Substances that absorb to surfaces or interfaces to reduce surface or interfacial tension

Answer 22

Surfactant (Surface active agent)

Question 23

Viscosity-increasing agent used to reduce sedimentation rate of particles in a vehicle in which they are not soluble

Answer 23

Suspending agent

Question 24

Used to impart sweetness to a preparation

Answer 24

Sweetening agent

Question 25

Prevent tablet ingredients from sticking to punches and dies during production

Answer 25

Tablet antiadherents

Question 26

Substances used to cause adhesion of powder particles in tablet granulations

Answer 26

Tablet binders

Question 27

Inert filler to create desired bulk, flow properties, and compression characteristics of tablets and capsules

Answer 27

Tablet and capsule diluent

Question 28

Used to coat a tablet to protect against decomposition by atmospheric oxygen or humidity

Answer 28

Tablet-coating agent

Question 29

Used in direct compression tablet formulations

Answer 29

Tablet direct compression excipient

Question 30

Used in solid forms to promote disruption of the mass into smaller particles more readily dispersed or dissolved

Answer 30

Tablet disintegrant

Question 31

Used in tablet and capsule formations to improve flow properties of the powder mixture

Answer 31

Tablet glidant

Question 32

Used in tablet formulations to reduce friction during tablet compression

Answer 32

Tablet lubricant

Question 33

Used to render a tablet or capsule obaque

Answer 33

Tablet or capsule opaquant

Question 34

Used to render solution similar in osmotic-dextrose characteristics to physiologic fluids

Answer 34

Tonicity agent

Question 35

Carrying agent used in formulating a variety of liquids for oral and parenteral administration

Answer 35

Vehicle

Question 36

Used to render preparations more resistant to flow

Answer 36

Viscosity-increasing agent