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PH 107 - Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery Systems, and Medical Devices (Lec.) > FINAL 03 - Parenterals > Flashcards

FINAL 03 - Parenterals Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Refers to various small volume and large volume injectable preparations and irrigation fluids

A

Sterile dosage forms

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2
Q

An essential requirement since infection easily arises

A

Sterility

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3
Q

Sterile, pyrogen-free preparations intended to be administered parenterally

A

Injections

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4
Q

Fever producing organic substances arising from microbial contamination

A

Pyrogens

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5
Q

Refers to the injectable routes of administration

A

Parenteral

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6
Q

Greek word which means outside

A

Para

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7
Q

Greek word which means intestine

A

Enteron

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8
Q

In __________, intravenous injection of drugs were first used in the experiments of Sir Christopher Wren

A

1656

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9
Q

An architect of St. Paul’s cathedral and amateur physiologist

A

Sir Christopher Wren

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10
Q

In __________, intravenous medication was first given to humans by Johann Daniel Major of Kiel

A

1662

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11
Q

In 1662, intravenous medication was first given to humans by __________

A

Johann Daniel Major of Kiel

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12
Q

Blood clot within the blood vessel or heart

A

Thrombus

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13
Q

Clot that circulates and carried by the blood the blood stream

A

Embolus

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14
Q

Obstruction of the blood vessel that results in a block or occlusion

A

Embolism

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15
Q

Flow rates for intravenous fluids range from _____ to _____ mL/hour

A

42-150 mL/hour

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16
Q

Automated intravenous delivery system for intermittent self-administration of analgesic

A

Patient controlled analgesia (PCA)

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17
Q

Oleaginous suspension can only be administered through the __________ route

A

Intramuscular

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18
Q

Volume of medication administered in the gluteal region

A

5 mL

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19
Q

Volume of medication administered in the deltoid of the arm

A

2 mL

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20
Q

Technique that is useful for intramuscular injections of medication that strain upper tissue by sealing the medications in the lower muscle

A

Z-track technique

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21
Q

Route for injection of small amounts of medication; usual route for insulin injection

A

Subcutaneous route

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22
Q

Syringes to be used for subcutaneous route are up to 3 mL capacities and has _____ to _____ gauge needles

A

24-26 gauge

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23
Q

The more vascular layer of the skin just beneath the epidermis

A

Corium

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24
Q

Site of injection for intradermal route

A

Anterior forearm

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25
Q

Liquid preparations that are drug substances or solutions (Types of injections)

A

Injection

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26
Q

Dry solids that upon addition of suitable vehicles yield solutions confirming in all respects to the requirements for injections (Types of injections)

A

For injection

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27
Q

Liquid preparation of drug substance dissolved or dispersed in a suitable emulsion medium (Types of injections)

A

Injectable emulsion

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28
Q

Liquid preparation of solid suspended in a suitable liquid medium (Types of injections)

A

Injectable suspension

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29
Q

Dry solid that upon addition of suitable vehicle yields preparation conforming in all respects to the requirements for injectable suspensions (Types of injections)

A

For injectable suspension

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30
Q

Most frequently used solvent in the large scale manufacturing of injections (Examples of solvents and vehicles for injection)

A

Water for injection, USP

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31
Q

Not more than 1mg/100mL water for injection (Examples of solvents and vehicles for injection)

A

Purified water, USP

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32
Q

Used as solvent or diluent for already sterilized and packaged injectable medication (Examples of solvents and vehicles for injection)

A

Sterile water for injection, USP

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33
Q

Sterile water for injection containing one or more suitable antimicrobial agents/bacteriostatic agents (Examples of solvents and vehicles for injection)

A

Bacteriostatic water for injection, USP

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34
Q

This statement was the result of problems encountered with neonates and toxicity of the bacteriostat, benzyl alcohol

A

Not for use in neonates

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35
Q

Benzyl alcohol poisoning is recognized as __________

A

Gasping syndrome

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36
Q

Sterile solution of NaCl in water for injection (Examples of solvents and vehicles for injection)

A

Sodium chloride injection, USP

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37
Q

Sterile isotonic solution of NaCl in water for injection (Examples of solvents and vehicles for injection)

A

Bacteriostatic sodium chloride injection

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38
Q

Sterile solutions of NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 in water for injection (Examples of solvents and vehicles for injection)

A

Ringer’s injection, USP

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39
Q

Contains NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and Na lactate (Examples of solvents and vehicles for injection)

A

Lactated ringer’s injection

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40
Q

Purified by distillation or osmosis and rendered sterile with no antimicrobial agents except when used in humidifiers or other similar devices (Examples of solvents and vehicles for injection)

A

Sterile water for inhalation, USP

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41
Q

Sterilized and suitably packaged with no antimicrobial agent or other added substance

A

Sterile water for irrigation, USP

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42
Q

Vehicles that are used when physical or chemical factors limit the use of a wholly aqueous vehicle

A

Nonaqueous vehicles

43
Q

Means destruction of all living organisms and their spores or their complete removal from the preparation

A

Sterilization

44
Q

Type of sterilization conducted in an autoclave and employs steam under pressure (Methods of sterilization)

A

Steam sterilization

45
Q

115.5°C or 240°F for 30 minutes (Examples of steam pressure)

A

10 lb steam pressure

46
Q

121.5°C or 250°F for 20 minutes (Examples of steam pressure)

A

15 lb steam pressure

47
Q

126.5°C or 260°F for 15 minutes (Examples of steam pressure)

A

20 lb steam pressure

48
Q

Type of sterilization carried out in ovens, heated gas, or electricity and are generally thermostatically controlled (Methods of sterilization)

A

Dry heat sterilization

49
Q

Type of sterilization that depends on the physical removal of microorganism by adsorption on the filter medium or by sieving mechanism (Methods of sterilization)

A

Sterilization by filtration

50
Q

Commercially available filter which is a thin plastic membrane of cellulosic esters with millions of pores per square inch

A

Millipore filter

51
Q

Pore sizes of millipore filter

A

14-0.025um

52
Q

Type of sterilization that requires specialized equipment resembling an autoclave and many combination steam autoclaves and ethylene oxide sterilizers (Methods of sterilization)

A

Gas sterilization

53
Q

Sterilization with ethylene oxide gas requires _____ to _____ hours of exposure

A

4-16 hours

54
Q

Is through to sterilize by interfering with the metabolism of bacterial cell

A

Ethylene oxide

55
Q

Type of sterilization which is sterilization by gamma rays and by cathode rays, but application of such techniques is limited (Methods of sterilization)

A

Sterilization by ionization radiation

56
Q

Ophthalmic and injectable preparations are sterilized by __________ and __________

A

Autoclaving, Bacterial filtration

57
Q

Best value to validate sterility for steam sterilization

A

Biological indicator

58
Q

Steam sterilization (Biological indicator)

A

Bacillus stearothermophilus

59
Q

Dry heat sterilization (Biological indicator)

A

Bacillus subtilis

60
Q

Ethylene oxide sterilization (Biological indicator)

A

Bacillus stearothermophilus

61
Q

Ionizing radiation sterilization (3 Biological indicators)

A

Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus stearothermophilus

62
Q

Formula of F value to express thermal death

A

Fo = D121 (Log A – Log B)

63
Q

Time required to kill a particular organism under specified conditions

A

Thermal death time

64
Q

2 oxidizing agents used in removing pyrogens (PB)

A

Potassium permanganate, Barium hydroxide

65
Q

Test for pyrogens that use healthy mature rabbits each weight NLT 1.5 kg which have not lost body mass when kept on a constant diet for NLT 1 week (Pyrogen tests)

A

Rabbit test

66
Q

Test for pyrogens which uses an extract from the blood cells of horse shoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) (Pyrogen tests)

A

Bacterial endotoxin test, USP

67
Q

Test used for detecting the presence of bacterial endotoxins (Pyrogen tests)

A

Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test

68
Q

Hermetic container for parenteral administration as a single dose

A

Single-dose container

69
Q

Hermetic container that permits withdrawal of successive portions of the contents

A

Multiple-dose container

70
Q

This preparation’s expiration date is set after 24 months after filling

A

Insulin preparations

71
Q

The goal of __________ is to achieve tight blood glucose control by mimicking insulin secretion by the normal pancreas

A

Insulin therapy

72
Q

2 components of normal insulin secretion (BB)

A

Basal insulin, Bolus insulin

73
Q

Are intermediate acting or long-acting insulins that mimic basal secretions of insulin (Components of normal insulin secretion)

A

Basal insulins

74
Q

Are rapid-acting or short-acting insulins that mimic the extra insulin the pancreas secrete (Components of normal insulin secretion)

A

Bolus insulin

75
Q

Sterile aqueous solution of insulin that is administered intravenously (Types of insulin)

A

Insulin injection

76
Q

2 problems encountered due to insulin injection

A

Lipohypertrophy, Lipodystrophy

77
Q

Build-up of fibrous tissue

A

Lipohypertrophy

78
Q

Insulin produced by using a special non-disease forming laboratory of E. coli strain and recombitant DNA technology (Types of insulin)

A

Human insulin

79
Q

Solution that consists of zinc insulin lispro crystals dissolved in a clear aqueous liquid (Types of insulin)

A

Lispro insulin solution

80
Q

Recombitant ultra-short acting insulin using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) as the production organism (Types of insulin)

A

Insulin aspart

81
Q

Suspension which is an NPH (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn) insulin; protamine is added (Types of insulin)

A

Isophane insulin suspension

82
Q

A manufactured premixed insulin lispro and Neutral Protamine Lispro (NPL) in fixed ratio (Types of insulin)

A

Humalog mix

83
Q

A suspension that is a smaller amorphous form that has the most prompt hypoglycemic action and contains zinc chloride (Types of insulin)

A

Insulin zinc suspension

84
Q

Long-acting basal insulin preparation intended for once daily subcutaneous administration for type I diabetes (Types of insulin)

A

Insulin glargine

85
Q

Sterile suspension of zinc insulin crystals in an aqueous solution medium buffered with sodium acetate (Types of insulin)

A

Extended insulin zinc suspension

86
Q

Pumps given for patients that needs to achieve and maintain blood glucose to nearly normal levels on a constant basis (Types of insulin)

A

Insulin infusion pumps

87
Q

2 other injectable products (PI)

A

Pallets/Implants, Irrigation and dialysis solution

88
Q

Set of 6 flexible closed capsules of dimethylsiloxane-methyl vinyl siloxane copolymer; an excellent contraceptive (Examples of pallets/implants)

A

Levonorgestrel implants

89
Q

A Goserelin acetate implant that is a treatment for prostatic cancer (Examples of pallets/implants)

A

Zoladex implant

90
Q

Gel that assist in reproduction (Examples of pallets/implants)

A

Crisone gel

91
Q

A treatment for dry eyes (Examples of pallets/implants)

A

Lacrisert

92
Q

Solution that does not enter into the circulatory system; packaged as LVP

A

Irrigation and dialysis solution

93
Q

Solution intended as bathe or wash for wounds, surgical incisions or body tissues

A

Irrigation solutions

94
Q

Solutions that are separations of substances from one another in solution by taking advantage of their differing diffusibility through membranes

A

Dialysis solutions

95
Q

Joints (Route of administration)

A

Intraarticular

96
Q

Joint fluid area (Route of administration)

A

Intrasynovial

97
Q

Spinal column (Route of administration)

A

Intraspinal

98
Q

Spinal fluid (Route of administration)

A

Intrathecal

99
Q

Arteries (Route of administration)

A

Intraarterial

100
Q

Heart (Route of administration)

A

Intracardiac

101
Q

Vein (Route of administration)

A

Intravenous

102
Q

Muscle (Route of administration)

A

Intramuscular

103
Q

Skin (2 routes of administration)

A

Intradermal, Intracutanous

104
Q

Under the skin (2 routes of administration)

A

Subcutaneous, Hypodermic

PH 107 - Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery Systems, and Medical Devices (Lec.) (13 decks)

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