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PHMP LEC 211 > PARASITOLOGY PART 2 > Flashcards

PARASITOLOGY PART 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Giardia intestinalis / lamblia
Trophozoite:
1. Motility :
2. Shape:
3. No. of nuclei :
4. No. of flagella:
5. Distinction:

A

Falling leaf
Pear, teardrop
2
4 pairs
Bilaterally
symmetrical

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2
Q

Giardia intestinalis / lamblia
Cyst
1. Shape:
2. Number of nuclei:
3. Distinction:

A

Ovoid
(2) Immature, (4) Mature
Smooth cell wall, interior flagellar structures

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3
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis
Trophozoite:
1. Motility :
2. Shape:
3. No. of nuclei :
4. No. of flagella:
5. Distinction:
6. NO

A

Rapid, jerky
Ovoid, round
1
3-5
Undulating
membrane extending half of
body length, granules along
axostyle
CYST STAGE

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4
Q

Chilomastix mesnili
Trophozoite:
1.Motility
2. No. of Nuclei
3. No. of Flagella
4. Other Distinctive Feature

A

Stiff, rotary,
directional
One
Four
Prominent cytostome extending
1/3 to 1⁄2 body length, spiral groove

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5
Q

Chilomastix mesnili
Cyst form:
1. Size Range
2. Shape
3. No. of Nuclei
4. Other Distinctive Feature

A

5 – 10 μm
Lemon
One
Clear hyaline knob, well defined
cytostome located on one side of
nucleus

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6
Q

Diantamoeba fragilis
Trophozoite form (NO CYST):
1. Motility
2. No. of Nuclei
3. Other Distinctive Feature

A

Progressive, broad hyaline pseudopodia

Two
Each nucleus consisting of massed clumps
of 4-8 chromatin granules

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7
Q

Trichomonas hominis
Trophozoite:
1. Motility
2. No. of Nuclei
3. No. of Flagella
4. Other Distinctive Feature

A

Nervous, jerky

One

Three to five

Axostyle extends beyond posterior end. Full body undulating membrane

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8
Q

Trichomonas tenax
Trophozoite:
1. Motility
2. No. of Nuclei
3. No. of Flagella
4. Other Distinctive Feature

A

Nervous, jerky

One

Five total

Undulating membrane extending 2/3 of body length, thick axostyle

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9
Q

Retortamonas intestinalis
Trophozoite:
1. Motility
2. No. of Nuclei
3. No. of Flaggela
4. Other Distinctive Feature

A

Jerky

One

Two

One flagellum directed anteriorly and one extending posteriorly

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10
Q

Retortamonas instestinalis
Cyst:
1. Size Range
2. Shape
3. No. of Nuclei
4. Other Distinctive Feature

A

3 – 7 μm

Lemon or pear

One

Two fused fibrils in nuclear region resembles “bird’s beak”

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11
Q

A protozoan blood parasite that are known to invade
the central nervous system and other tissues

A

Hemoflagellates

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12
Q

Hemoflagellates
❑They are ____ borne parasite.

A

insect

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13
Q

Hemoflagellates
_____ serve as their intermediate host and
_____ as definitive

A

Arthropods; human

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14
Q

Hemoflagellates Reproduce by

A

binary fission

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15
Q

Hemoflagellates
❑_____ parasite
❑ _____ motile
❑ Morphological stage varies in ____
❑ _____morphological forms

A

Obligate
Highly
Genus
Four (4)

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16
Q

Hemoflagellates
❑ Four (4) morphological forms:

A

Amastigote, Promastigote, Epimastigote, Trypomastigote

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17
Q

non motile, intracellular, found in
reticuloendothelial cells of man infected with
Leishmania or Trypanosoma

A

Amastigote

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18
Q

infective stage of Leishmania to man

A

Promastigote

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19
Q

Trypanosoma in insect vector

A

Epimastigote

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20
Q

Infective stage of Trypanosoma in
insect vector and peripheral blood of humans

A

Trypomastigote

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21
Q

Target Site of Infection:
1. Visceral:
2. Cutaneous

A

Liver and spleen

Face particularly
cheek, mouth
and nose. Upper
and lower
extremities

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22
Q

_____ produce
moderate to severe type
of diseases ranging from
skin (bite site) to systemic
infection

A

Leishmania

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23
Q

_____ also infect
skin particularly on face
and fatal CNS infection.

A

Trypanosoma

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24
Q

Leishmania
Vector:

A

Phlebotomine Sandfly/ Lutzomyia sandfly

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25
Q

Leishmania mexicana
Local term for disease:
Vector:

A

-Belize, Guatemala, Yucatan peninsula

Lutzomyia sand fly

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26
Q

Leismania mexicana complex:

A

L. pifanoi
L. amazonensis
L. vanezuelensis

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27
Q

Leismania mexicana complex
Local term for disease:
L. pifanoi

L. amazonensis
L. vanezuelensis

Vector:

A

Chiclero ulcer
-Amazon, Brazil, Venezuela

-Amazon basin
-Forested area Venezuela

Lutzomyia sand fly

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28
Q

L. tropica
Local term for disease:
Vector:

A

Baghdad boils

-Mediterranean region, Middle
east, Armenia, Caspian region,
Afghanistan, India and Kenya

Phlebotomus sandfly

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29
Q

L. tropica complex:

A

L. aethiopica
L. major

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30
Q

L. tropica complex
Local term for disease:
Vector:

A

Oriental sore
-High lands of Ethiopica, Kenya

-Desert regions of
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and
kazakhastan, Northern America,
Sahara, Iran, Syria, Israel and Jordan

Phlebotomus sandfly

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31
Q

L. braziliensis
L. panamensis
Local term for disease:
Vector:

A

Espundia
Mexico to Argentina

Lutzomyia sandfly

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32
Q

L. peruviana
Local term for disease:
Vector:

A

Uta
Peruvian Andes

Lutzomyia sandfly

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33
Q

L. guyanensis
Local term for disease:
Vector:

A

Forest yaws
Guina, parts of Brazil and
Venezuela

Lutzomyia sandfly

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34
Q

L. donovani
Local term for disease:
Vector:

A

Hepatosplenomegaly
Dum dum fever
-India, Pakistan, Thailand and
parts of Africa and China

Lutzomyia sand fly

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35
Q

L. donovani complex
L. infantum
Local term for disease:
Vector:

A

Hepatosplenomegaly
Kala-azar
-Mediterranean area, Europe,
Africa, Near East and parts of
the former Soviet Union

Lutzomyia sand fly

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36
Q

African Trypanosomiasis
Vector:

A

Tsetse fly (Glossina)

37
Q

American Trypanosomiasis.
Vector:

A

Triatomine Bug ( Reduviid)

38
Q

Cutaneous (New world):

A

Leishmania mexicana

Leismania mexicana complex
L. pifanoi
L. amazonensis
L. vanezuelensis

39
Q

Cutaneous ( Oldworld):

A

L. tropica

L. tropica complex
L. aethiopica
L. major

40
Q

Mucocutaneous:

A

L. braziliensis
L. panamensis

L. peruviana

L. guyanensis

41
Q

Visceral:

A

L. donovani

L. donovani complex
L. infantum

42
Q

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Other name:
Vector:

A

West – African Sleeping
sickness

Tse – tse fly
-Glossina palpalis
-Glossina tachinoides

43
Q

Trypanosoma brucei rhodiense
Other name:
Vector:

A

East – African Sleeping sickness

Tse – tse fly
-Glossina morsitans
-Glossina pallidepes

44
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi
Other name:
Vector:

A

Chagas disease
American Sleeping Sickness

Triatomine bugs( Riduviid bug
or Kissing bug)

45
Q

Trypanosoma rangeli
Other name:
Vector:

A

No Associated Disease to humans

Rhodius prolixus

46
Q

A subphylum of protozoa (Apicomplexa) in which the life cycle
includes “spore-forming or cyst forming stage

A

Sporozoa

47
Q

Sporozoa
❑ Insect (____&_____) and food born (Other
species) parasite.

A

Plasmodium and babesia

48
Q

The Sporozoa
❑ They are _____ ___cellular parasite
❑ No definite organelle for______
❑ Complex life cycle alternating ____&____ generations

A

obligate intra-
locomotion
sexual and asexual

49
Q

Sporozoa
Some species can multiply both sexually and asexually in
same host (Ex.

A

Isospora, Cyclospora, Microspora spp

50
Q

human as accidental host and may serve as
intermediate or definitive host (Depends on species)

A

Free living

51
Q

General Morphological Forms of Sporozoa:

A

Gametocytes (Macro (M) and Micro (F))
Zygote (Diploid) (Union two haploids)
1. Sporoblast
2. Sporocyst
3. Sporozoite

52
Q

Mature oocyst

A

Sporoblast

53
Q

Mature sporoblast

A

Sporocyst

54
Q

Infective stage of sporozoa

A

Sporozoite

55
Q

Asexual spore formation/reproduction usually happens in the
definitive host

A

Schizogony / Sporogony

56
Q

Schizogony / Sporogony
Ø ______ form in this process

A

Sporozoite

57
Q

Sexual reproduction – happens in definitive host

A

Gametogony / Gamogony

58
Q

Gametogony / Gamogony
Ø _____ form in this process

A

Zygote

59
Q

Asexual spore formation/reproduction usually happens in the
intermediate host

A

Merogony

60
Q

Merogony
Ø _____ form in this process

A

Merozoite

61
Q

Parameters of Differentiation of Common
Species:

A

❑ Size
❑ Shape
- Round to oval
❑ Appearance
- They have distinct appearance under observation
❑ No. of sporozoites present in sporocyst

62
Q

No. of sporocyst
Isospora belli
Sarcocystis spp.
Cryptosporodium parvum
Cyclospora cayetanensis

A

2
2
None
2

63
Q

No. of sporozoites
Isospora belli
Sarcocystis spp.
Cryptosporodium parvum
Cyclospora cayetanensis

A

4
4
4
2

64
Q

Toxoplasma gondii
Morphological forms:

A

Tachyzoites:
Bradyzoites :

65
Q

Actively multiplying
morphological form,
contains variety of
organelles that are not
readily visible

A

Tachyzoites:

66
Q

Smaller than
tachyzoites, enclose
them selves to form a
cyst

A

Bradyzoites :

67
Q

Haemosporidia: Plasmodium
Morphology:

A

❑ Ring form
❑ Developing Trophozoites
❑ Immature Schizonts
❑ Mature Schizonts
❑ Gametocytes

68
Q

Plasmodium:

A

P. vivax
P. ovale
P. malariae
P. falciparum

69
Q

refers to a ringlike
appearance of the malarial
parasite following invasion into
a previously healthy RBC

A

Ring form

70
Q

evidence of active chromatin
replication

A

Immature Schizonts

71
Q

Emergence
of merozoite – fully developed
stage

A

Mature Schizonts

72
Q

“micro –
female” “macro – male”

A

Gametocytes

73
Q

Haemosporidia: Plasmodium
______ in shaped
consist of a large diffuse
_____
surrounded by ____

A

Round to oval; chromatin mass; halo

74
Q

Haemosporidia: Plasmodium
Parameters of Differentiation:

A

❑Age of infected RBC
❑Appearance of infected
RBC
❑Appearance of
morphological forms
❑Number of merozoites
❑Incubation period
❑Paroxysm Cycle

75
Q

P. vivax

Age of infected RBC

Appearance of infected RBC

Appearance of Morphological forms

Number of merozoites

Incubation period

Paroxysm cycle

A

Young and immature

Enlarged, distorted

The developing trophozoites are Irregular, amoeboid appearance

12 – 24

10 – 17 days

5 -7 hours

76
Q

P. ovale

Age of infected RBC

Appearance of infected RBC

Appearance of Morphological forms

Number of merozoites

Incubation period

Paroxysm cycle

A

Young and immature

Oval, enlarged, distorted with ragged walls

Rosette arrangement if merozoites

8 or less

7 – 30

Every 48 hours

77
Q

Symptom occurs every 48 hours

A

Tertian:

78
Q

Symptoms occur every 72 hours

A

Quartan:

79
Q

Malignant Tertian:

A

P. falciparum

80
Q

Benign Quartan:

A

P. malariae

81
Q

Benign Tertian:

A

P. ovale, P. vivax ( both with hypnozoites)

82
Q

P. malariae

Age of infected RBC

Appearance of infected RBC

Appearance of Morphological forms

Number of merozoites

Incubation period

Paroxysm cycle

A

Mature cells

Normal size, no distortion

Developing trophozoites contains band of cytoplasm

6-12

18 – 40 days

72 hours

83
Q

P. falcifarum

Age of infected RBC

Appearance of infected RBC

Appearance of Morphological forms

Number of merozoites

Incubation period

Paroxysm cycle

A

All ages

Normal size, no distortion

Ring form has headphone configuration
Crescent shape gametocytes

8-36

7-10 days

36 – 48
hours

84
Q

Metazoa:

A

❑Nematodes
❑Filarial Nematodes
❑Trematodes
❑Cestodes

85
Q

They are multicellular eukaryotic
organism

A

Metazoans

86
Q

As animals, they have organ systems

A

Metazoans

87
Q

However, the parasitic species often
have limited digestive tracts, nervous
systems, and locomotor abilities.

A

Metazoans

88
Q

Metazoans
May have ______________
cycles with several different life
stages and more than one type of
host.

A

complex reproductive

89
Q
A

PHMP LEC 211 (12 decks)

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