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PHMP LEC 211 > MICROBIAL GROWTH > Flashcards

MICROBIAL GROWTH Flashcards

1
Q

Increase in the population of cells is called a

A

culture

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2
Q

Cell division is by an asexual process called

A

binary fission

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3
Q

the time it takes to divide
(double) is called

A

generation time

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4
Q

Organisms are adjusting to the environment
(little or no division).

A

Lag Phase

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5
Q

They are synthesizing DNA, ribosomes and
enzymes to breakdown nutrients, and to be
used for growth

A

Lag Phase

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6
Q

Division is at a constant rate (generation time)
but varies with species, temperature and media.

A

Log or Logarithmic phase

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7
Q

In Logarithmic Phase, cells are most susceptible to

A

inhibitors

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8
Q

Dying and dividing organisms are at an
equilibrium.

A

Stationary phase

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9
Q

Stationary phase

Death is due to _______. Cells are
smaller and have fewer ribosomes

A

reduced nutrients, pH changes,
toxic waste and reduced oxygen

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10
Q

Stationary Phase

In some cases cells do not die but they are not

A

Multiplying

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11
Q

The population is dying in a geometric fashion
so there are more deaths than new cells.

A

Death or Decline phase

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12
Q

Deaths are due to the factors in ______in addition to lytic enzymes that are
released when bacteria lyse.

A

stationary
phase

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13
Q

Population doubles every 20 minutes

A

Exponential Phase/Log Phase

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14
Q

Factors That Affect Microbial Growth

A
  1. Availability of
    Nutrients
  2. Moisture
  3. Temperature
  4. pH
  5. Osmotic
    Pressure
  6. Barometric
    Pressure
  7. Gaseous
    Atmosphere
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15
Q

Components of Carbohydrates

A

C, O, H

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16
Q

Components of Protein

A

C, O, H, N

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17
Q

Electrolytes include

A

Na, K, Cl, Mg, Ca, Fe, I, Zn

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18
Q

Other growth factors are organized into three
categories:

A

Purines and Pyrimidines
Amino Acids
Vitamins

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19
Q

required for
synthesis of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

A

Purines and pyrimidines

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20
Q

Five membered ring:

Six membered ring:

A

Purine
Pyrimidine

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21
Q

required for the synthesis of
proteins

A

Amino Acids

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22
Q

Amino acids produced by the body, and do not need exogenous source

A

Non-essential Amino Acid

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23
Q

Amino Acids which are not produced in the body and are acquired through an external source

A

Essential Amino Acids

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24
Q

Vitamins: co____

Minerals: co____

A

enzymes

factors

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25
Q

needed as coenzymes and
functional groups of certain enzymes

A

Vitamins

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26
Q

(organisms that use
CO2 as a carbon
source)

A

Autotrophs

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27
Q

(organisms that use
organic compounds
as a carbon source)

A

Heterotrophs

28
Q

(organisms that use
light as an energy
source)

A

Phototrophs

29
Q

(organisms that use
chemical as energy
source)

A

Chemotrophs

30
Q

(organisms that use
CO2 as a carbon
source) and (organisms that use
light as an energy
source)

A

Photoautotrophs

31
Q

(organisms that use
organic compounds
as a carbon source) and (organisms that use
light as an energy
source)

A

Photoheterotrophs

32
Q

(organisms that use
CO2 as a carbon
source) and (organisms that use
chemical as energy
source)

A

Chemoautotrophs

33
Q

(organisms that use
organic compounds
as a carbon source) and (organisms that use
chemical as energy
source)

A

Chemoheterotrophs

34
Q

is essential to all life on Earth.

A

water

35
Q

Cells are composed of between______% water

A

70—95

36
Q

All living organisms require water to carry out
their normal ____, and most will
die in environments containing too little
moisture.

A

metabolic processes

37
Q

complete drying process

A

Desiccation

38
Q

the
temperature at which the microorganisms grows
best

A

Optimum growth temperature

39
Q

– below
this, the microorganisms cease to grow

A

Minimum growth temperature

40
Q

above
this, the microorganisms die

A

Maximum growth temperature

41
Q

Range in between the MIN. GT and MAX. GT

A

Temperature range

42
Q

microorganisms that grows at
temperature of 50-60°C

A

Thermophiles

43
Q

microorganisms that grow best at
moderate temperature of 20-40°C

A

Mesophiles

44
Q

Pathogenic infections are considered and categorized as

A

Mesophiles

45
Q

– prefer cold temperature of 10-
20°C

A

Psychrophiles

46
Q

OGT is 4°C (refrigerator
temperature

A

Psychrotrophs

47
Q

can tolerate or endure
very cold temperature of less than –4°C

A

Psychrodurics

48
Q

refers to the hydrogen ion
concentration of a solution and, thus, the acidity
or alkalinity of the solution.

A

pH

49
Q

Most microorganisms prefer a pH of

A

neutral or slightly
alkaline growth medium (pH 7.0–7.4)

50
Q

is the pressure that is exerted
on a cell membrane by solutions both inside
and outside the cell.

A

Osmotic Pressure

51
Q

Normal salt conc.

A

Isotonic

52
Q

Diluted salt conc.

A

Hypotonic

53
Q

Saturated salt conc.

A

Hypertonic

54
Q

(shrinkage of plasma membrane away from the cell wall) in hypertonic

A

plasmolysis

55
Q

(leakage of cytoplasm from the cell)

A

plasmotypsis

56
Q

thrives at high salt concentration such as V. cholerae

A

Halophilic

57
Q

survive at high salt concentration such as S. aureus

A

Haloduric

58
Q

Atmospheric pressure=

A

Barometric Pressure

59
Q

serves as electron acceptor in aerobic
respiration.

A

Oxygen

60
Q

Bacteria can be divided into the
following groups based on their oxygen
requirements:

A

Obligate Aerobe
Microaerophilic
Facultative Anaerobe
Obligate Anaerobe
Capnophile

61
Q

Glucose is completely oxidized to CO2 and
H2O, requiring 21% oxygen.

A

Obligate aerobe

62
Q

The metabolic process is comparable to
obligate aerobes but requires 1-15 % oxygen.

A

Microaerophilic

63
Q

In the absence of O2, glucose undergoes
glycolysis to pyruvic acid, and then fermentation
takes place.

A

Facultative anaerobe

64
Q

Glucose undergoes glycolysis to pyruvic acid,
then fermentation or anaerobic respiration in
which oxygen is not the final electron acceptor.

A

Obligate anaerobe

65
Q

Some organisms use ___, ____, ____, as their final electron acceptor.

A

nitrate, sulfate or
carbonate

66
Q

Requires carbon dioxide to survive.

A

Capnophile

PHMP LEC 211 (15 decks)

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