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PHMP LEC 211 > MICROBIAL GROWTH PT.2 > Flashcards

MICROBIAL GROWTH PT.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of Culture Media

A

Culture media according to consistency
Culture media according to composition
Culture media according to their function
and use.

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2
Q

Culture media according to consistency:

A

Liquid media
Solidified media

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3
Q

are used for growth of pure
batch cultures

A

Liquid media

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4
Q

contain agar and are
used widely for the isolation of pure
cultures, for estimating viable bacterial
populations, and a variety of other
purposes

A

Solidified media

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5
Q

Culture media according to composition.

A

Chemically-defined (synthetic) medium
Complex (undefined) medium

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6
Q

is one in which the exact chemical
composition is known.

A

Chemically-defined (synthetic) medium

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7
Q

is one in
which the exact chemical constitution of
the medium is not known

A

Complex (undefined) medium

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8
Q

Complex (undefined) medium Also known as

A

basal medium

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9
Q

Culture media according to their function
and use.

A

Enrichment media
Supportive media
Selective media
Differential media

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10
Q

contain specific
nutrients required for the growth of
bacterial pathogens that may be present
alone or with other bacterial species in a
patient specimen

A

Enrichment media

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11
Q

Enrichment media EXAMPLE

A

Blood, Chocolate agar

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12
Q

contain nutrients that
support growth of most non-fastidious
organisms without giving any organism a
growth advantage.

A

Supportive media

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13
Q

contain one or more
agents that are inhibitory to all organisms
except those being sought.

A

Selective media

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14
Q

Selective media EXAMPLE

A

MacConkey agar, (GRAM -)
Eosin methylene blue (GRAM -)

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15
Q

employ some factors
that allows colonies of one bacterial
species or type to exhibit certain metabolic
or culture characteristics that can be used
to distinguish them from other bacteria
growing on the same agar plate.

A

Differential media

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16
Q

Bacterial Mutation

A

Spontaneous mutation
Induced mutation
Caused by transposable
genetic elements

17
Q

mutations have no identifiable
cause and are rare.

A

Spontaneous mutations

18
Q

mutations are due to chemical or
physical mutagens

A

Induced mutations

19
Q

Induced mutations uses

A

UV light, nitrous acid,
base analogs etc.

20
Q

Three major types of transposable elements

A

Insertion sequences
Transposons
Transposable phages (Mu)

21
Q

They are segments of DNA that encode
enzymes for site specific recombination and
have distinct nucleotides at their terminals.

A

Insertion sequences

22
Q

They are larger than insertion
sequences, code for protein
synthesis and can induce mutation
the same way as insertion sequences.

A

Transposons

23
Q

They can alternate between lytic and
lysogenic growth. During lysogeny

A

Transposable phages (Mu)

24
Q

They can insert themselves anywhere on the
bacterial chromosome, and later transpose from
one location to another, inactivating the
bacterial gene just as other transposable
elements.

A

Transposable phages (Mu)

25
Q

Bacterial Recombination

A

Transformation
Conjugation
Transduction

26
Q

Donor cells lyse, a fragment of DNA is released and passed
into a recipient cell.
Enzyme dissolves one strand of the fragment, and the other
strand displaces a homologous segment of the recipient’s
DNA.
The recipient then has a recombinant DNA.
The displaced fragment is dissolved by an enzyme.

A

Transformation

27
Q

Only _____ can be transformed and DNA of both
organisms must be similar.

A

competent cells

28
Q

is the ability to take up DNA from the
environment

A

Competence

29
Q

It involves two live bacteria, donor and recipient,
with the transfer of genetic material from a plasmid.

A

Conjugation

30
Q

The donor is F+, has fertility factor and codes for
sex pilus.
Once there is contact with the F - or recipient, plasmid DNA begins to replicate by the ______

A

Rolling
circle method

31
Q

The transfer of genetic material from one organism
to another by a transducing phage.

A

Transduction

32
Q

There are two types of transducing phages:

A

Lytic
Lysogenic

33
Q

The phage reproduces and causes the bacterium
to lyse.

A

Lytic

34
Q

This is a virulent phage.

A

Lytic

35
Q

The phage codes for a repressor protein which
prevents its own replication.

A

Lysogenic

36
Q

This is a temperate phage.

A

Lysogenic

37
Q

There are two types of transductions

A

Generalized Transduction
Restricted or Specialized Transduction

38
Q

A lytic virus uses the bacterial machinery to
make viruses.
☐The bacterium lyse and viral parts are
released.

A

Generalized Transduction

39
Q

Only genes adjacent to the phage can be
transduced.

A

Restricted or Specialized Transduction

PHMP LEC 211 (12 decks)

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