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PHMP LEC 211 > PARASITOLOGY PART 1 > Flashcards

PARASITOLOGY PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

is an organism which has become adapted
to living on or in some other organism, the host, which
is usually larger than itself. or is an organism
that lives at the expense of its host.

A

Parasite

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2
Q

is a relationship between two species where
member of one species (smaller ,called parasite )
derived food and shelter from member of another
species (larger ,called host )

A

Parasitism

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3
Q

Parasitism is a relationship between two species where
member of one species (smaller ,called _____ )
derived food and shelter from member of another
species (larger ,called ____ )

A

parasite; host

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4
Q

Types of Parasites

A
  • Obligatory
  • Facultative
  • Endoparasite
  • Ectoparasite
  • Permanent
  • Temporary
  • Microparasite
  • Macroparasite
  • Intracellular
  • Extracellular.
  • Accidental
  • Proliferous
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5
Q

Types of Parasite that cannot survive outside the host

A

Obligatory

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6
Q

Types of Parasite that are capable of existing independently to the
host

A

Facultative

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7
Q

Types of Parasite that establish inside the host

A

Endoparasite

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8
Q

Types of Parasite that establish in or on the exterior surface of
a host

A

Ectoparasite

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9
Q

Types of Parasite that remains on or in the body of the host for
entire life

A

Permanent

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10
Q

Types of Parasite that lives on the host for short period of time

A

Temporary

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11
Q

Types of Parasite that are unicellular or single cell parasite like
protozoa.

A

Microparasite

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12
Q

Types of Parasite that are multicellular parasites like helminths.

A

Macroparasite

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13
Q

Types of Parasite that live and multiply inside the cell of host like
amastigote of Leishmania spp.

A

Intracellular

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14
Q

Types of Parasite that live and multiply inside the cell of host like
Hydatid cyst of tapeworm.

A

Extracellular

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15
Q

Types of Parasite that infect unusual host.

A

Accidental

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16
Q

Types of Parasite that proliferates in the body of host and multiplies in
many forms to cause high intensity of disease (Plasmodium)

A

Proliferous

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17
Q

Types of Hosts

A

Definitive
Intermediate
Reservoir
Vector ( biological/ mechanical)
Carrier
Accidental

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18
Q

Type of host

The host which harbor the adult, replicates sexually.

A

Definitive

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19
Q

Type of host

The host harbor larval stages, asexual
development.

A

Intermediate

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20
Q

Type of host

Host that harbors the parasite and serve as an
important source of infection.

A

Reservoir

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21
Q

Type of host

Are arthropods that transmit
parasite to host.

A

Vector ( biological/ mechanical)

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22
Q

Type of Vector ( biological/ mechanical) host

parasites can multiply inside

A

Biological

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23
Q

Type of Vector ( biological/ mechanical) host

mechanically transfer infective form of parasite

A

Mechanical

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24
Q

Type of host

Parasite harboring host that is not exhibiting any clinical
symptoms but can infect others

A

Carrier

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25
Q

Type of host

A host that is under normal circumstances not
infected with the parasite

A

Accidental

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26
Q

Host Selection

A

Monoxenous
Oligoxenous
Polyxenous

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27
Q

Host Selection

If they possess a single host.

A

Monoxenous

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28
Q

Host Selection

If they utilize a small range of
host.

A

Oligoxenous

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29
Q

Host Selection

If they use many suitable hosts.

A

Polyxenous

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30
Q

Types of Parasitic life cycle

A

Simple or Direct
Complex or Indirect

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31
Q

Types of Parasitic life cycle

All the developmental stage
of the parasite are completed in a single host.

A

Simple or Direct

32
Q

Types of Parasitic life cycle

Parasites require two or
more different host to complete their various
stages of development.

A

Complex or Indirect

33
Q

Stages Involve In Parasitic Life Cycle

A

Infective
Diagnostic

34
Q

Stages Involve In Parasitic Life Cycle

Stage when a parasite can invade
human body and live in it

A

Infective

35
Q

Stages Involve In Parasitic Life Cycle

Stage when parasite can exit from
human body with stool, urine or sputum.

A

Diagnostic

36
Q

Sources of Infection

A

Soil
Water
Food
Direct Contact

37
Q

Sources of Infection

Embryonated eggs which are present in soil may be
ingested.

A

Soil

38
Q

Sources of Infection

Infective larvae present in soil may enter by penetrating
exposed skin.

A

Soil

39
Q
  • Soil
  • _______________ which are present in soil may be ingested.
  • _______ present in soil may enter by penetrating exposed skin.
A

Embryonated eggs; Infective larvae

40
Q

Sources of Infection

Infective forms and intermediate host present in water may
be swallowed.

A

Water

41
Q
  • Water
  • _________ and intermediate host present in water may
    be swallowed.
A

Infective forms

42
Q

Sources of Infection

Contamination with human or animal feces.

A

Food

43
Q

Sources of Infection

Meat containing infective larvae

A

Food

44
Q
  • Food
  • Contamination with human or animal _____.
  • Meat containing infective ______
A

feces; larvae

45
Q

Sources of Infection

Through kissing animals such as domestic cats and dogs

Unprotected sexual relation

A

Direct Contact

46
Q

Animal Kingdom:

  1. ______->_______
  2. ______->_______
A
  1. Unicellular animals; Protozoa
  2. Multicellular animals; Metazoa
47
Q

_____-> Metazoa:

  1. 2.
A

Multicellular animals

  1. Invertebrates
  2. Vertebrates
48
Q

Invertebrates:

A

Sponges
Coelenterates
Worms
Arthropods
Molluscs
Echinoderms

49
Q

Vertebrates:

A

Fishes
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals

50
Q

Categories of Amoeba according to Residency:

A

Intraintestinal
Extraintestinal

51
Q

Categories of Amoeba according to Residency

Intraintestinal:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica
  2. Entamoeba hartmanni
  3. Entamoeba coli
  4. Entamoeba polecki
  5. Endolimax nana
  6. Iodameoba butschlii
52
Q

Categories of Amoeba according to Residency

Extraintestinal:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Entamoeba gingivalis
    (Mouth)
  2. Naegleria fowleri (Brain)
  3. Acanthamoeba spp. (Brain
    and cornea)
53
Q

Categories of Flagellates according to Residency:

A

Intraintestinal
Extraintestinal
Hemoflagellates

54
Q

Categories of Flagellates according to Residency

Intraintestinal
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

A

1.Giardia intestinalis/lamblia
2.Chilosmastix mesnili
3.Diantamoeba fragilis
4.Trichomonas hominis
5.Trichomonas tenax
6.Enteromonas homonis
7.Retortaminas instesinalis

55
Q

Categories of Flagellates according to Residency

Extraintestinal:
1.

A

1.Trichomonas vaginalis (Vagina)

56
Q

Categories of Flagellates according to Residency

Hemoflagellates:
1.
2.

A
  1. Leishmania spp. (Blood&CNS)
  2. Trypanosoma spp.
    (Blood&Tissue)
57
Q

Categories of Sporozoa according to Residency

Intraintestinal:
Subclass:______
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A

Subclass: Coccidia

1.Cryptosporidium
2.Toxoplasma
3.Cyclospora
4.Sarcosystis
5.Isospora

58
Q

Categories of Sporozoa according to Residency

Extraintestinal:
Subclass:_____
1.
Subclass:_____
1.
2.
3.
4.

A

Subclass: Piroplasma
1. Babesia (RBC)
Subclass: Haemosporidia
1. Plasmodium (RBC &
Hepatocytes)
2. Subclass: Coccidia
3. Pneumocystis (Lungs)
4. Toxoplasma (Placenta &
CNS)

59
Q

Categories of Flagellates according to Residency:

A

Intestinal
Extraintestinal Tissue
Lymphatic Tissue
(Vector-dependent)

60
Q

Categories of Flagellates according to Residency

Extraintestinal Tissue:
1.
2.

A
  1. Trichinella spiralis
  2. Dracunculus medinensis
61
Q

Categories of Flagellates according to Residency

Lymphatic Tissue
(Vector-dependent):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A
  1. Wuchereria bancrofti
  2. Brugia malayi
  3. Loa loa
  4. Onchocerca volvulus
  5. Mansonella spp.
62
Q

Categories of Trematodes according to Residency:

A

Intestinal species
Liver species
Lung species
Blood species

63
Q

Categories of Trematodes according to Residency

Intestinal species:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Fasciolopsis buski
  2. Heterophyes heterophyes
  3. Matagonimus yokogawai
64
Q

Categories of Trematodes according to Residency

Liver species:
1.
2.

A
  1. Fasciola hepatica
  2. Clonorchis sinensis
65
Q

Categories of Trematodes according to Residency

Lung species
1.

Blood species
1.

A

Lung species
1. Paragonimus westermani

Blood species
1. Schistosoma species

66
Q

Categories of Cestodes according to Residency

Intestinal species:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Liver species
1.

A
  1. Taenia solium
  2. Taenia saginata
  3. Hymenolepis diminuta
  4. Hymenolepis nana
  5. Dipylidium caninum
  6. Diphyllobothrium latum
  7. Echinococcus granulosus
67
Q

parasites consist of a
single “cell-like unit” which is
morphologically and functionally
complete and can perform all
functions of life

A

Protozoans

68
Q

Protozoan parasites consist of a
single “_____” which is
morphologically and functionally
complete and can perform all
functions of life.

A

cell-like unit

69
Q

Protozoans are made up of a mass of
_____ differentiated into
_____ and _____.

A

protoplasm; cytoplasm; nucleoplasm

70
Q

Protozoans

The cytoplasm consists of an outer
layer of _____ and an
______.

A

hyaline ectoplasm; inner voluminous granular endoplasm

71
Q

Protozoans reproduce:

A

sexually & asexually

72
Q

A unicellular membrane bound organism that
has the ability to change its shape.

A

Amoebas

73
Q

They are usually found in water bodies such
as ponds, lakes and slow-moving rivers.

A

Amoebas

74
Q

Amoebas general characteristics:

A
  • Equipped with the so called “Pseudopods”
  • Multiplies asexually; Facultative
    parasite
  • Migrates and or take up residence
    outside the intestine
  • Has two (2) morphological forms
    -Cyst
    -Trophozoite
    -(Flagellate) for N. folweri
75
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

Trophozoite:
1. Motility : _______
2. Number of nuclei : ____-
3. Cytoplasmic inclusions : ______

A

Progressive,
finger-like pseudopodia
1
Ingested RBC

76
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

Cyst:
1. Shape: _____
2. Number of nuclei: _____
3. Cytoplasmic inclusions: _______

A

Spherical to round
1 -4
Chromatid bars, rounded
ends and diffuse glycogen
mass

PHMP LEC 211 (15 decks)

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