INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY

Question 1

● Micro means ____,
● Bio means _____,
● -Logy means the _____.

Answer 1

very small; living organisms; study of

Question 2

is the study of very
small living organisms (microorganisms)

Answer 2

microbiology

Question 3

causative agent of leptospirosis

Answer 3

“Leptospira interrogans”

Question 4

“Leptospira interrogans” _____-shaped or looks like spring

Answer 4

spiral

Question 5

leptospirosis “Leptospira interrogans” DOC:

Answer 5

doxycycline

Question 6

○ inhibits bone growth, causes brittle
teeth
○ not allowed for pregnant women
and less than 8 yrs old

Answer 6

Doxycycline

Question 7

– able to cause disease

Answer 7

Pathogenic

Question 8

not able to cause disease

Answer 8

Non-pathogenic

Question 9

found in yakult and delight, helps
metabolism of gut bacteria

Answer 9

Lactobacillus

Question 10

nutrition of bacteria for
growth/spread

Answer 10

prebiotic

Question 11

the actual bacteria/living
strain of bacteria

Answer 11

probiotic

Question 12

Strains of Bacillus

Answer 12

○ B. laterosporus
○ B. subtilis
○ B. clausii

Question 13

From the study material that is:
● for diarrhea
● to drink (iniinom)
● non-pathogenic

Answer 13

Erceflora

Question 14

○ came from monkeys

Answer 14

MPOX

Question 15

disease from
animals

Answer 15

zoonotic

Question 16

2 strains of MPOX:

Answer 16

■ Clade 1 – common in africa,
controllable
■ Clade 2 – more deadly,
serious

Question 17

Observed that
plant material was
composed of cells

Date: ____

Answer 17

ROBERT
HOOKE; 1665

Question 18

he
made his microscopic
and some astronomical
observations,

Date: _____
Micrographia in :_____

Answer 18

ROBERT
HOOKE; 1663-1664
; 1665

Question 19

● The first to observe
microorganisms (_____)
● He made his own
microscope
● coined the word
______ – now
known as microorganism

Answer 19

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK; 1673; animalcules

Question 20

● Credited for the invention
of microscope
● Lens maker/glass maker

Answer 20

ZACHARIAS
JANSSEN

Question 21

organisms emerged from
non-living things

Answer 21

Abiogenesis

Question 22

demonstrated that
maggots appear on
decaying meat only when
flies can lay eggs on the
meat (_____)

Answer 22

FRANCESCO REDI; 1668

Question 23

● claimed that
microorganisms could
rise spontaneously from
heated nutrient broth
(_____)

Answer 23

JOHN NEEDHAM; 1745

Question 24

repeated Needham’s
experiments with lid and
suggested that results
were due to the
microorganisms in the
air entering his broth
(_____)

Answer 24

LAZZARO SPALLANZANI; 1765

Question 25

Father of modern
Pathology

Answer 25

RUDOLF
VIRCHOW

Question 26

● Introduced the concept of
biogenesis (______)
● _____ –
each cell comes from
another cell
● coined the word
“_____”

Answer 26

RUDOLF VIRCHOW; 1858; omnis cellula e cellula; leukemia

Question 27

● Biogenesis is attributed
to _____
● demonstrated that
microorganisms are in
the air everywhere
(_____)

Answer 27

LOUIS PASTEUR; (1861)

Question 28

Pasteur found that yeast ferments _____ to
_____ and that bacteria can oxidize alcohol
to _____ (____)

Answer 28

sugar; alcohol; acetic acid; 1858

Question 29

was used to kill milk and
alcoholic beverage pathogens (_____)

Answer 29

Pasteurization; 1866

Question 30

yeast bacteria:

Answer 30

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 31

Conversion of sugar to
alcohol with the aid of
yeast

Answer 31

FERMENTATION

Question 32

3 Ways of PASTEURIZATION

Answer 32

High Temperature Short Time (HTST)
Ultra High Temperature (UHT)
VAT Pasteurization

Question 33

Provide the temps of the ff.
High Temperature Short Time (HTST)-
Ultra High Temperature (UHT)-
VAT Pasteurization-

Answer 33

71 degrees C for 15 secs
138-150 degrees Celsius for 2 seconds
63 degrees C for 30 mins

Question 34

commercial
pasteurization
of beverages
and liquid
products

Answer 34

Ultra High Temperature
(UHT)

Question 35

boiling, common
in local
manufacturers
(carabao/goat
milk)

Answer 35

VAT Pasteurization

Question 36

○ proved that microorganism cause
disease (1876)
○ “_____ Postulate”

Answer 36

Robert Koch; Koch

Question 37

Robert Koch discovered

Answer 37

TB bacilli