INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards
● Micro means ____,
● Bio means _____,
● -Logy means the _____.
very small; living organisms; study of
is the study of very
small living organisms (microorganisms)
microbiology
causative agent of leptospirosis
“Leptospira interrogans”
“Leptospira interrogans” _____-shaped or looks like spring
spiral
leptospirosis “Leptospira interrogans” DOC:
doxycycline
○ inhibits bone growth, causes brittle
teeth
○ not allowed for pregnant women
and less than 8 yrs old
Doxycycline
– able to cause disease
Pathogenic
not able to cause disease
Non-pathogenic
found in yakult and delight, helps
metabolism of gut bacteria
Lactobacillus
nutrition of bacteria for
growth/spread
prebiotic
the actual bacteria/living
strain of bacteria
probiotic
Strains of Bacillus
○ B. laterosporus
○ B. subtilis
○ B. clausii
From the study material that is:
● for diarrhea
● to drink (iniinom)
● non-pathogenic
Erceflora
○ came from monkeys
MPOX
disease from
animals
zoonotic
2 strains of MPOX:
■ Clade 1 – common in africa,
controllable
■ Clade 2 – more deadly,
serious
Observed that
plant material was
composed of cells
Date: ____
ROBERT
HOOKE; 1665
he
made his microscopic
and some astronomical
observations,
Date: _____
Micrographia in :_____
ROBERT
HOOKE; 1663-1664
; 1665
● The first to observe
microorganisms (_____)
● He made his own
microscope
● coined the word
______ – now
known as microorganism
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK; 1673; animalcules
● Credited for the invention
of microscope
● Lens maker/glass maker
ZACHARIAS
JANSSEN
organisms emerged from
non-living things
Abiogenesis
demonstrated that
maggots appear on
decaying meat only when
flies can lay eggs on the
meat (_____)
FRANCESCO REDI; 1668
● claimed that
microorganisms could
rise spontaneously from
heated nutrient broth
(_____)
JOHN NEEDHAM; 1745
repeated Needham’s
experiments with lid and
suggested that results
were due to the
microorganisms in the
air entering his broth
(_____)
LAZZARO SPALLANZANI; 1765
Father of modern
Pathology
RUDOLF
VIRCHOW
● Introduced the concept of
biogenesis (______)
● _____ –
each cell comes from
another cell
● coined the word
“_____”
RUDOLF VIRCHOW; 1858; omnis cellula e cellula; leukemia
● Biogenesis is attributed
to _____
● demonstrated that
microorganisms are in
the air everywhere
(_____)
LOUIS PASTEUR; (1861)
Pasteur found that yeast ferments _____ to
_____ and that bacteria can oxidize alcohol
to _____ (____)
sugar; alcohol; acetic acid; 1858
was used to kill milk and
alcoholic beverage pathogens (_____)
Pasteurization; 1866
yeast bacteria:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Conversion of sugar to
alcohol with the aid of
yeast
FERMENTATION
3 Ways of PASTEURIZATION
High Temperature Short Time (HTST)
Ultra High Temperature (UHT)
VAT Pasteurization
Provide the temps of the ff.
High Temperature Short Time (HTST)-
Ultra High Temperature (UHT)-
VAT Pasteurization-
71 degrees C for 15 secs
138-150 degrees Celsius for 2 seconds
63 degrees C for 30 mins
commercial
pasteurization
of beverages
and liquid
products
Ultra High Temperature
(UHT)
boiling, common
in local
manufacturers
(carabao/goat
milk)
VAT Pasteurization
○ proved that microorganism cause
disease (1876)
○ “_____ Postulate”
Robert Koch; Koch
Robert Koch discovered
TB bacilli
