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Pharmacology 2 > Parasiticides > Flashcards

Parasiticides Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment of Fasciola hepatica in cattle?

A

Clorsulon
need to repeat treatment

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1
Q

Clinical use of Selamectin?

A

Monthly topical in dogs and cats (6 weeks of age)
Kills adult fleas
Prevents eggs from hatching
Heartworm prevention
Ear mites
Sarcoptes
Dermacentor
Hookworms (Ancylostoma tubaeforme)
Roundworms in cats

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2
Q

What drugs kill the parasite?

A

Vermicides

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2
Q

Morantel is most effective against what worms?

A

GI nematodes

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3
Q

DOC to treat amebiasis?

A

Metronidazole

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3
Q

Broad-spectrum Benzimidazole anthelmintic approved in dogs, horses, swine, and lactating cattle?

A

Fenbendazole

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3
Q

Tetrahydropyrimidines act on what receptor at the NMJ?

A

Nicotinic

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3
Q

Pyrantel is most effective against what worms in dogs and cats?

A

Rounds
Hooks

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4
Q

Pyrantel is most effective against what worms in swine?

A

Rounds
Nodular

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5
Q

What is the route of administration of Ivermectin in swine?

A

Oral and injection

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6
Q

Drug that binds to tubulin of parasite microtubules disrupting cell division?

A

Benzimidazoles (albendazole)

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7
Q

Broad-spectrum Tetrahydropyrimidine approved in lactating dairy cattle?

A

Morantel

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8
Q

Treatment of liver fluke, cestodes and nematodes of the GI and lung in cattle?

A

Albendazole
contraindicated in pregnant cattle

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8
Q

Dichlorophene acts against which cestodes and in which species?

A

Taenia and Dipyllidium
dogs and cats

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8
Q

Treatment of circulatory collapse from microfilaricide?

A

Glucocorticoids

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9
Q

Narrow-spectrum anthelmintic?

A

Piperazine

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11
Q

What drugs just paralyze the worm?

A

Vermifumes

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13
Q

What drugs damage the membrane integrity of the parasite?

A

Praziquantel

Epsiprantel

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15
Q

What antitrematodal drug depletes glycogen energy reserves?

A

Clorsulon

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15
Q

Broad-spectrum Tetrahydropyrimidine approved in dogs, cats, and horses?

A

Pyrantel

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15
Q

Heartworm prevention in dogs?

A

Ivermectin
Milbemycin oxime
Moxidectin
Selamectin

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16
Q

Fenbendazole acts againse which cestodes and in which species?

A

Taenia
dogs
also works against rounds, hooks, and whips

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17
Q

What parasites are Ivermectin effective in cattle?

A

GI roundworms
Lungworms (D. Viviparus)

cattle grubs (Hypoderma bovis, H. lineatum)
suckling lice
mites or scabies
pour-on prep acts against horn flies (Haematobia irritans)

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18
Q

Anthelminthics that are cholinesterase inhibitors?

A

Dichlorvos

increase ACh concentration->muslce fasciculation->paralysis

low dose = depolarization

high dose = hyperpolarization

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19
Q

What parasites are Ivermectin effective against in horses?

A

GI roundworms, lungworms (D. arnfieldi), stomach bots (Gasterophilus)

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21
Q

What coccidial drug can prevent AND treat coccidia?

A

Sulfonamides

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22
Q

DOC in cats and dogs to treat toxoplasmosis?

A

Clindamycin

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22
Q

Broad-spectrum Imidathiazole anthelmintic approved in horses, dogs, and cats?

A

Febantel

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23
Q

Sulfonamides are used to treat what parasite?

A

Coccidia

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24
Q

Broad-spectrum Imidathiazole anthelmintic approved in cattle, sheep, and swine?

A

Levamisole

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25
Q

Which antinematodal activates G-protein coupled receptors?

A

Emodepside

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25
Q

What is the route of administration of Ivermectin in cattle?

A

Pour on and injection

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27
Q

DOC to treat balantidiasis?

A

Metronidazole

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29
Q

Decoquinate acts on what parasites?

30
Q

Anthelminthics that are depolarizing NMB?

A

Levamisole

Pyrantel

Morantel

30
Q

What drug treats trichomoniasis in dogs and horses?

A

Metronidazole

31
Q

Amprolium works against what type of parasite?

32
Q

Mechainism of Decoquinate?

A

Inhibits mitochondrial electron transport

34
Q

Broad-spectrum Benzimidazole anthelmintic that can also act againse adult Moniezia benedini in cattle?

A

Oxfendazole

35
Q

What parasites are Ivermectin effective against in dogs and cats?

A

Tissue stage of D. immitus larva

36
Q

Competitive NMB that kills metazoan parasites?

A

Piperazine

36
Q

DOC for treatment of Giardia?

A

Metronidazole

36
Q

Broad-spectrum anthelmintics?

A

Benzimidazoles
Imidathiazoles and tetrahydropyrimidines
Organophosphates
Emodepside

37
Q

Amprolium is approved in what species?

A

Laying birds

38
Q

What parasites are Ivermectin effective against in swine?

A

GI roundworms
Lungworms (Metastrongylus)
Lice
Mange mites (Sarcoptes)

39
Q

Drug used to treat amebiasis in pregnant animals?

A

Furazolidone

40
Q

Broad-spectrum Organophosphate?

A

Dichlorvos

42
Q

Treatment of Histomonas meleagridis

A

Arsenicals (carbarsone, roxarsone, nitarsone)

43
Q

Microfilaricidal therapy for heartworm?

A

Ivermectin
Milbemycin

45
Q

Praziquantel acts against which cestodes and in which species?

A

Taenia, Dipyllidium, and Echinococcus
dogs, cats, horses
Anoplocephala in horses

47
Q

What class of drugs treat both ecto and endoparasites?

A

Endectocides

48
Q

Contraindication of Albendazole in cattle?

A

First 45 days of pregnancy and breeding dairy cattle

49
Q

How do benzimidazoles inhibit reproduction?

A

Ovicidal and larvicidal

50
Q

Clinical use of Moxidectin?

A

Internal and external parasites in cattle (pour-on)
Broad spectrum antinematodal in horses (PO)
Heartworm prevention in dogs

52
Q

Clinical use of Eprinomecin?

A

Pour-on similar to Ivermectin for cattle including lactating

54
Q

Drug used to treat diarrhea in horses due to trichomonas, bacteria, and yeast?

A

Clioquinol

54
Q

Dichlorvos is effective against what worms in dogs and cats?

A

Rounds
Hooks
Whips (dogs only)

55
Q

What is the mechanism of Amprolium?

A

Inhibits thiamine transport

56
Q

Which Imidathiazole has a wide safety margin?

57
Q

Epsiprantel acts against which cestodes and in which species?

A

Taenia and Dipyllidium
dogs and cats

59
Q

Metronidazole is not approved in what species?

A

Birds and food animals

60
Q

Parasite drugs that bind to GABA causing parasite death and inhibition of egg production?

A

Macrocyclic lactones (MCLs):

Avermectins, Milbemycins

61
Q

Ionophores that are used to treat coccidia?

A

Monensin (most common)

Lasalocid (goats)

Salinomycin

Narasin

63
Q

Clinical use of Milbemycin oxime?

A

Heartworm disease
Hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum)
Roundworm (Toxocara caninum)
Whipworm (Trichuris vulpis)

64
Q

Site of action of Piperazine?

A

Competitive NMB

66
Q

Drugs to treat Cryptosporidiosis?

A

Paromomycin
Azithromycin
Nitazoxanide

67
Q

Contraindication of Benzimidazoles?

A

During pregnancy (teratogenic)

68
Q

Specific antidote to dichlorvos

69
Q

MOA for Praziquantel?

A

Increases membrane permeability to calcium

70
Q

Drug used to treat trichomonas (pigeon cankers) in non-food pigeons?

A

Carnidazole

71
Q

Drug to treat babesiosis in horses?

72
Q

Broad-spectrum anthelmintic combined with Praziquantel?

A

Emodepside

73
Q

What is the route of administration for ivermectin in horses, dogs, and cats?

73
Q

Which should be given first? Adulticide or Microfilaricide?

A

Adulticide followed by Microfilaricide 3-4 weeks later

75
Q

Dichlorvos is effective agains what worms in swine?

A

GI nematodes

76
Q

Clinical use of Doramectin?

A

IM or SQ in cattle similar to Ivermectin

77
Q

Drug to treat Sarcocystis neurona (EPM) in horses?

A

Nitazoxanide oral paste
Ponazuril oral paste

78
Q

Whats the age minimum for Selamectin and Milbemycin oxime?

A

6 weeks for Selamectin
8 weeks for Milbemycin

79
Q

What parasites are Ivermectin effective against in sheep?

A

GI roundworms
Lungworms (D. filaria)
Nasal bots (O. ovis)

80
Q

DOC to treat Anaplasmosis?

A

Oxytetracycline

81
Q

Adulticide therapy for heartworm disease?

A

Melarsomine IM
cage rest for 3-4 weeks after injection

82
Q

Pyrantel is most effective against what worms in horses?

A

Pins
Rounds
Strongyles
Anoplocephala at high doses

83
Q

How do antiprotozoals inhibit reproduction?

A

Inhibition of growth

84
Q

Piperazine is effective against large roundworms in what species?

A

Chickens
Turkeys
Horses
Dogs
Cats

Pharmacology 2 (13 decks)

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