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Pharmacology 2 > Chemotherapy > Flashcards

Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Chemotherapy drug that is administered as a prodrug?

A

Cyclophosphamide

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2
Q

Most common side effect of Doxorubicin?

A

Myelosuppression
GI
Dose-dependent cardiomyopathy in Dobermans, Rottweilers, giant breeds, and ABCB1 mutants
Nephropathy in cats

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3
Q

MOA of Doxorubicin?

A

Inhibits topoisomerase 2
Inhibits DNA helicase

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3
Q

Treatment of lymphoreticular neoplasms?

A

Vincristine
Cytosine Arabinoside
Prednisone

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3
Q

Administration of Vincristine with L-Asparaginase increases the risk of this side effect?

A

Myelosuppression

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4
Q

Why can Bisphosphonate and Alendronate treat cancer?

A

Osteoclast inhibitors

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5
Q

Doxorubicin is used in the treatment of what 3 cancers?

A

Lymphoma
Carcinoma
Osteosarcoma

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6
Q

Side effects of Lomustine and Carmustine?

A

Myelosuppression
Thrombocytopenia (reversible)
Chronic hepatotoxicity (irreversible)

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7
Q

Route of administration of Cyclophosphamide?

A

IV
PO

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7
Q

Treatment of lymphoreticular neoplasms, carcinomas, sarcomas, and TVT?

A

Vincristine and Vinblastine

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8
Q

Most common side effect of Cytosine Arabinoside?

A

Myelosuppression

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9
Q

Drug similar to Cisplatin used in cats?

A

Carboplatin

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10
Q

Route of administration of Methotrexate?

A

Parenteral
Oral

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10
Q

Major side effect of L-Asparaginase?

A

Anaphylaxis - give IM/SC to reduce the risk of this
Pancreatitis

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12
Q

Route of administration of Carmustine?

A

IV

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13
Q

Which vesicant do you treat extravasation using heat?

A

Vincristine and Vinblastine

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14
Q

MOA of Platinum compounds?

A

Bind to DNA residues causing cross-linking preventing replication

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14
Q

What is the most commonly used cytotoxic antibiotic?

A

Doxorubricin

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14
Q

Route of administration of Alendronate?

A

Oral

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16
Q

Route of administration of Cisplatin?

A

IV
Implant for dogs

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17
Q

Most common side effect of Methotrexate?

A

GI

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18
Q

Most common side effect of Cyclophosphamide?

A

Myelosuppression

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18
Q

MOA of Vincristine and Vinblastine?

A

Bind to beta tubulin and inhibit microtubule formation which prevents cell division during metaphase of mitosis

19
Q

Methotrexate is a competitive inhibitor of what enzyme?

A

Dihydrofolate reductase
It is similar to trimethoprim or pyrimethamine

20
Q

Cancer vaccine in dogs?

A

Oral melanoma

21
Q

Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?

A

Chlorambucil

22
Q

Cell cycle specific chemo drugs?

A

Vincristine and Vinblastine during G2 and M phase
Methotrexate and Cytosine Arabinoside during S phase
L-Asparaginase (Elspar®) during G1

24
Q

What biochemistry value should be monitored when using Lomustine and Carmustine?

A

ALT

26
Q

Route of administration of Melphalan?

A

Oral

27
Q

Route of administration of Lomustine?

A

Oral

28
Q

Treatment of Grade 2 and 3 canine mast cell tumors?

A

Toceranib

29
Q

Treatment of granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME)?

A

Cytosine Arabinoside

30
Q

Route of administration of Toceranib?

A

Oral

31
Q

Bisphosphonate and Alendronate are useful in what types of cancer?

A

Bone neoplasias
Hypercalcemia of malignancy

32
Q

Why can NSAIDs be used to help treat cancer?

A

Inhibit COX-2 in carcinomas and transitional cell carcinomas

33
Q

L-Asparaginase is used to treat?

A

Lymphoma

35
Q

In order to prevent nephrotoxicity, Cisplatin should be preceded and followed by infusion of what?

A

Saline solution

36
Q

Treatment of Multiple Myeloma?

A

Melphalan

36
Q

MOA of Methotrexate and Cytosine Arabinoside?

A

Impair DNa synthesis during S phase

37
Q

Does Methotrexate or Cytosine Arabinoside distribute to the CNS?

A

Cytosine Arabinoside

38
Q

Cytosine Arabinoside is an analog of what structure?

A

Pyrimidine

39
Q

Alkylating agent that can be used to treat CNS neoplasms?

A

Lomustine and Carmustine

40
Q

MOA of L-Asparaginase (Elspar®)?

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis

41
Q

Side effects of Cisplatin?

A

Myelosuppression
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity (rare)
Neurotoxicity (rare)

42
Q

Most common side effect of Melphalan?

A

Myelosuppression

43
Q

Administration of this drug along side chemo increases efficacy against transitional cell carcinoma?

A

Piroxicam

45
Q

Cisplatin should not be used in what species and why?

A

Cats because of fatal pulmonary toxicosis

46
Q

Route of administration of Bisphosphonate?

A

IV

47
Q

Side effects of Chlorambucil?

A

Not common
Myelosuppression occasionally

48
Q

Rout of administration of Chlorambucil?

A

Oral

50
Q

Route of administration of Cytosine Arabinoside?

A

SC
IV (CRI)

52
Q

Chemotherapy drug causing sterile hemorrhagic cystitis?

A

Cyclophosphamide

53
Q

Side effects of Toceranib?

A

GI
Myelosuppression

54
Q

Elimination of Melphalan?

A

Plasma hydrolysis

55
Q

MOA of Toceranib?

A

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor

56
Q

Drug to be given prior to L-Asparaginase to reduce allergic reactions?

A

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl®)

Pharmacology 2 (13 decks)

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