DNA/RNA Synthesis Flashcards
Treatment of Toxoplasma?
Trimethoprim-Sulfa
Adverse effects of Nitrofurans?
GI upset Brown discoloration of the urine
What species and what ROA of Enrofloxacin, Orbifloxacin, and Marbofloxacin?
Small animal - oral, IM, otic Pigs and cattle - SC
Adverse effects of Sulfonamides and DHFR?
Renal damage Crystal urea Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS) Hypersensitivity and immune reactions Blood dyscrasia
Nitroimidazoles are banned in what animals?
Food producing
Nitrofurans are useful for treating what types of infections?
UTIs
Common ROA of Sulfonamides and DHFR?
Oral
Fluoroquinolone used in beef cattle?
Danofloxacin
MOA of Nitrofurans?
Block oxidative decarboxylation
Use of Nitrofurantoin?
UTI in small animals
Treatment of foot rot?
Sulfamethoxine
What infection are Fluoroquinolones not effective in?
Pus
MOA of DHFR inhibitors?
Inhibit dihydrofolate reductase
Spectrum of Fluoroquinolones?
G- Micoplasma Rickettsia Chlamydia
What Fluoroquinolone does not cause blindness in cats?
Pradofloxacin
What Fluoroquinolone should not be used in dogs because of bone marrow suppression?
Pradofloxacin
Treatment of R. equi?
Rifampin
T/F: Nitroimidazoles have immunomodulatory effects?
True
Nitrofurans work better in what pH?
Acidic
Nitroimidazole used in felines for Tritrichomonas
Ronidazole
What percentage of Nitrofurans is excreted unchanged?
50%
MOA of Rifampin?
Inhibit the beta subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Antibiotic that induces microsomal enzymes?
Rifampin
Adverse effects of Rifampin?
Teratogenic Orange discoloration of body fluids Hepatitis
MOA of Sulfonamides
Compete with PABA for dihydropteroate synthase enzyme
Treatment of Mycobacterium?
Rifampin
Sulfonamides do not work well in this type of infection.
Pus
Do Fluoroquinolones cross the BBB?
No
Treatment of Sarcocystis neurons?
Pyrimethamine-Sulfa
MOA of Fluoroquinolones?
Inhibit DNA gyrase Inhibit topoisomerase 4 (prevent unwind DNA superhelix)
are Nitrofurans static or cidal?
Static
Most common Fluoroquinolones?
Enrofloxacin Orbifloxacin Marbofloxacin
What is the most common Nitroimidazole?
Metronidazole
Spectrum of Sulfonamides and DHFR?
Broad-spectrum G+ G- Chlamydia Some protozoa
Which Nitroimidazole is most toxic?
Ronidazole
Spectrum of Nitrofurans?
Broad-spectrum except: Pseudomonas Proteus Acinetobacter
What species is Trimethoprim-Sulfa used in?
Small animals Equine
Nitroimidazole used to treat Trichomoniasis in pigeons?
Carnidazole
Do Sulfonamides and DHFR cross the BBB?
Yes
MOA of Nitroimidazoles?
Damage DNA and RNA repair enzymes
Use of Nitrofurazone/Furazolidine?
Topical in equine (wound dressing)
Treatment of Neospora?
Trimethoprim-Sulfa
Are Nitroimidazoles bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
Bactericidal
Spectrum of Rifampin?
Broad-spectrum specifically: Mycobacterium R. equi
What type of bacteria are Nitroimidazoles effective against?
Anaerobic
ROA of Fluoroquinolones?
Oral and parenteral
Treatment of shipping fever?
Sulfamethoxine
Sulfonamide that is not absorbed and treats GI infections?
Sulfasalazine
Adverse effects of Fluoroquinolones?
Arthropathy in young and growing animals Blindness in cats
What is more specific for protozoa? Trimethoprim-Sulfa or Pyrimethamine-Sulfa?
Pyrimethamine-Sulfa
Treatment of coccidia?
Sulfamethoxine
ROA for Trimethoprim-Sulfa
Oral or injectable
Are Sulfonamides and DHFRs bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
Static alone, Cidal in combo
Sulfonamides can affect what blood measurement?
Thyroid
Relationship between DHFR inhibitors and Sulfonamides?
Synergistic