Antibiotic Intro Flashcards
What type of bacteria usually acquire resistance through transformation?
G+
Which staph is a normal commensal of dogs?
Staph pseudointermedius
Causes of resistance?
Drug does not reach target site
Drug is inactivated
Target is changed
Chromosomal mutation
Transferred drug resistance
When you give an antibiotic what are the possible bacterial responses?
Death
Slowing replication
Resistance
Superinfection
Use of antibiotics at full doses to kill or inhibit pathogens in groups of healthy animals exposed to a pathogen?
Metaphylaxis
Why are antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis selective for bacteria?
Because bacterial ribosomes differ from mammalian ribosimes
Use of antibiotics at low doses to make animals grow faster or use feed more efficiently?
Growth promotion
Which bacteria uses a biofilm to acquire resistance?
Pseudomonas
Causes of intrinsic resistance?
No target
Wrong cell wall
Wrong drug choice
Antibiotics that kill more than the MBC?
Bacterialcidal
Swapping of donor and recipient bacteria and plasmids?
Conjugtion
Why is Staph aureus resistant to antibiotics?
Trandsuction
Antibiotics that stop bacterial growth?
Bacteriostatic
Antibiotics that kill more than the MIC?
Bacteriostatic
Antibiotic mechanism that requires actively dividing bacteria?
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Inhibition of protein synthesis
What are broad-spectrum antibiotics effective against?
G- and G+ bacteria
Do antibiotics that disrupt cell membranes have a wide or narrow therapeutic index?
Narrow
When you give an antibiotic what are the possible host responses?
No effect
Allergy
Residues
Toxicity
Drug interactions
Mechanisms of antibacterial action?
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Disruption of cell membranes
Inhibition of DNA synthesis and function
Aggregation of microorganisms within a self-produced matrix?
Biofilm
Bacteriophage takes DNA from one bacterium to another?
Transduction
Picking up of naked DNA?
Trnsformation
How can antibiotics be toxic?
Nephrotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity
Neuromuscular blockade
Ototoxicity
CNS excitement
GI upset
Bone marrow toxicity
Hypersensitivity
Cartilage damage in growing dogs
Use of antibiotics at full doses to kill or inhibit pathogens causing disease in individual animals?
Treatment
Antibiotics that need a competant immune system?
Bacteriostatic
Which spectrum drug will exert less selection pressure on non-target organisms?
Narrow
What bacteria commonly use conjugation to gain resistance?
G- and enterococci
Antibiotics that kill bacteria?
Bactericidal
Use of antibiotics at full or low doses to healthy animals to prevent disease?
Prophylaxis
