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Pharmacology 2 > Cell Wall Synthesis > Flashcards

Cell Wall Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Beta lactam antibiotics are generally most effective against what bacteria?

A

G+

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1
Q

First generation Cephalosporins have a similar spectrum to what antibiotic?

A

Ampicillin

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1
Q

What is considered the first-line Cephalosporin?

A

Cephalexin/Cefadroxil

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1
Q

How does the toxic potential of Carbapenems compare to other drugs?

A

Greater toxic potential

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3
Q

Third gen Cephalosporin used for respiratory disease, foot rot, and mastitis?

A

Ceftiofur

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4
Q

ROA of Bacitracin?

A

PO in poultry
Topical

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5
Q

What is Cloxacillin used to treat?

A

Mastitis in cattle

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5
Q

Vancomycin is great against treating what GI bacteria and why?

A

C. difficile because it is not absorbed orally and remains in the GIT

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6
Q

What is the anti-pseudomonas penicillin?

A

Ticarcillin

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6
Q

Spectrum of Carbapenems and Monobactams?

A

G+
G-
Pseudomonas
Not good against resistant Staph or enterococci

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6
Q

Polymyxin B combined with Neomycin can cause fatal anaphylaxis in what species?

A

Cats

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7
Q

Beta lactams that cross the BBB?

A

Carbapenems/Monobactams

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8
Q

Penicillin G is most commonly used in what animals?

A

Large animals

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9
Q

Why are Beta lactam antibiotics generally low in toxicity?

A

Mammalian cells do not have a cell wall

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10
Q

MOA of Beta lactam antibiotics?

A

Prevent cross-linkage of peptidoglycan layers leading to cytolysis

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11
Q

Which is more broad-spectrum? Cephalosporins or Penicillins?

A

Cephalosporins

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12
Q

What are the first generation Cephalosporins?

A

Cephalexin/Cefadroxil
Cefazolin
Cephapirin

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13
Q

What are third generation Cephalosporins effective against?

A

G- and anaerobes
Less G+ activity

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13
Q

ROA of Cefoxitin?

A

IV for serious infections

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13
Q

Vancomycin cannot be used in what animals?

A

Food animals

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14
Q

Bacitracin requires what compound to be active?

A

Zinc

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14
Q

Antibiotic that affects cell membrane rather than inhibiting it?

A

Polymyxin B

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17
Q

Time dependent cell wall inhibitors?

A

Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Carbapenems/Monobactams
Vancomycin

18
Q

MOA of Polymyxin B?

A

Binds to LPS
Cationic detergent

19
Q

ROA of first gen Cephalosporins?

A

Cephalexin PO
Cefazolin parenteral
Cephapirin intramammary

21
Q

Post anitbiotic effect?

A

Penicillin (some)
Carbapenems/Monobactams

23
Q

How is Amoxicillin usually administered?

A

Oral

24
Q

Ceftiofur is used in what species?

A

Large animals

25
Q

Third gen Cephalosporin used in small animal for G- infections?

A

Cefpodoxime

27
Q

Spectrum of Penicillin?

A

G+
Anaerobes
Spirochetes

27
Q

ROA of Carbapenems/Monobactams?

A

Parenteral

28
Q

MOA of Vancomycin?

A

Prevent the assembly of amino acids

30
Q

When should Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid be used?

A

When bacteria is producing Beta-lactamase

31
Q

How do bacteria respond to Betalactam antibiotics?

A

Produce beta lactamases which break down the betalactam ring

31
Q

Polymyxin B is not technically an antibiotic but is classified as what?

A

Antiseptic

32
Q

How do second generation Cephalosporins differ from first generation?

A

Greater efficacy against G-

32
Q

Side effects of Vancomycin?

A

Histamine release
Nephrotox
Ototox

33
Q

How is Ampicillin usually administered?

A

Parenteral

35
Q

Cefovecin is used in what species?

A

Small animals (Convenia®)

36
Q

Spectrum of Bacitracin?

A

G+

37
Q

What are the third gen Cephalosporins?

A

Ceftiofur
Cefovecin
Cefpodoxime

38
Q

Treatment of Staph and Strep pyoderma in dogs and Pasteurella in cats?

A

Cefovecin

40
Q

Cephalosporin used for mastitis in cattle?

A

Cephapirin
Ceftiofur

41
Q

Spectrum of Polymyxin B?

A

G-

42
Q

What is the second gen Cephalosporin?

A

Cefoxitin

42
Q

ROA of Polymyxin B?

A

Topical

44
Q

What are our Beta lactam antibiotics?

A

Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams

45
Q

Penicillin and Cephalosporin are contraindicated in what species?

A

Reptiles
Birds
Guinea pigs (PO)
Chinchillas (PO)
Horses (PO)
Ruminants (PO)

47
Q

Bactericidal cell wall inhibitors?

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems/Monobactams
Vancomycin

49
Q

DD-transpeptidase is also known as?

A

Penicillin binding protein

50
Q

Which Cephalosporin is administered as a prodrug?

A

Cefpodoxime

52
Q

What are the Carbapenems?

A

Imipenem
Meropenem

53
Q

Prophylactic Cephalosporin?

A

Cefazolin

54
Q

Ampicillin/Amoxicillin are commonly used in what species?

A

Small animal
Equine
Cattle for mastitis

55
Q

MOA of Bacitracin?

A

Blocks isoprenyl pyrophosphate enzyme

56
Q

Spectrum of Vancomycin?

A

G+
MRSA (last resort)
Beta-lactam resistance enterococci

57
Q

How is Penicillin G usually administered?

A

Parenteral

Pharmacology 2 (13 decks)

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