Cell Wall Synthesis Flashcards
Beta lactam antibiotics are generally most effective against what bacteria?
G+
First generation Cephalosporins have a similar spectrum to what antibiotic?
Ampicillin
What is considered the first-line Cephalosporin?
Cephalexin/Cefadroxil
How does the toxic potential of Carbapenems compare to other drugs?
Greater toxic potential
Third gen Cephalosporin used for respiratory disease, foot rot, and mastitis?
Ceftiofur
ROA of Bacitracin?
PO in poultry
Topical
What is Cloxacillin used to treat?
Mastitis in cattle
Vancomycin is great against treating what GI bacteria and why?
C. difficile because it is not absorbed orally and remains in the GIT
What is the anti-pseudomonas penicillin?
Ticarcillin
Spectrum of Carbapenems and Monobactams?
G+
G-
Pseudomonas
Not good against resistant Staph or enterococci
Polymyxin B combined with Neomycin can cause fatal anaphylaxis in what species?
Cats
Beta lactams that cross the BBB?
Carbapenems/Monobactams
Penicillin G is most commonly used in what animals?
Large animals
Why are Beta lactam antibiotics generally low in toxicity?
Mammalian cells do not have a cell wall
MOA of Beta lactam antibiotics?
Prevent cross-linkage of peptidoglycan layers leading to cytolysis
Which is more broad-spectrum? Cephalosporins or Penicillins?
Cephalosporins
What are the first generation Cephalosporins?
Cephalexin/Cefadroxil
Cefazolin
Cephapirin
What are third generation Cephalosporins effective against?
G- and anaerobes
Less G+ activity
ROA of Cefoxitin?
IV for serious infections
Vancomycin cannot be used in what animals?
Food animals
Bacitracin requires what compound to be active?
Zinc
Antibiotic that affects cell membrane rather than inhibiting it?
Polymyxin B
Time dependent cell wall inhibitors?
Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Carbapenems/Monobactams
Vancomycin
MOA of Polymyxin B?
Binds to LPS
Cationic detergent
ROA of first gen Cephalosporins?
Cephalexin PO
Cefazolin parenteral
Cephapirin intramammary
Post anitbiotic effect?
Penicillin (some)
Carbapenems/Monobactams
How is Amoxicillin usually administered?
Oral
Ceftiofur is used in what species?
Large animals
Third gen Cephalosporin used in small animal for G- infections?
Cefpodoxime
Spectrum of Penicillin?
G+
Anaerobes
Spirochetes
ROA of Carbapenems/Monobactams?
Parenteral
MOA of Vancomycin?
Prevent the assembly of amino acids
When should Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid be used?
When bacteria is producing Beta-lactamase
How do bacteria respond to Betalactam antibiotics?
Produce beta lactamases which break down the betalactam ring
Polymyxin B is not technically an antibiotic but is classified as what?
Antiseptic
How do second generation Cephalosporins differ from first generation?
Greater efficacy against G-
Side effects of Vancomycin?
Histamine release
Nephrotox
Ototox
How is Ampicillin usually administered?
Parenteral
Cefovecin is used in what species?
Small animals (Convenia®)
Spectrum of Bacitracin?
G+
What are the third gen Cephalosporins?
Ceftiofur
Cefovecin
Cefpodoxime
Treatment of Staph and Strep pyoderma in dogs and Pasteurella in cats?
Cefovecin
Cephalosporin used for mastitis in cattle?
Cephapirin
Ceftiofur
Spectrum of Polymyxin B?
G-
What is the second gen Cephalosporin?
Cefoxitin
ROA of Polymyxin B?
Topical
What are our Beta lactam antibiotics?
Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams
Penicillin and Cephalosporin are contraindicated in what species?
Reptiles
Birds
Guinea pigs (PO)
Chinchillas (PO)
Horses (PO)
Ruminants (PO)
Bactericidal cell wall inhibitors?
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems/Monobactams
Vancomycin
DD-transpeptidase is also known as?
Penicillin binding protein
Which Cephalosporin is administered as a prodrug?
Cefpodoxime
What are the Carbapenems?
Imipenem
Meropenem
Prophylactic Cephalosporin?
Cefazolin
Ampicillin/Amoxicillin are commonly used in what species?
Small animal
Equine
Cattle for mastitis
MOA of Bacitracin?
Blocks isoprenyl pyrophosphate enzyme
Spectrum of Vancomycin?
G+
MRSA (last resort)
Beta-lactam resistance enterococci
How is Penicillin G usually administered?
Parenteral
