Paper2: Skill Acquisition

Question 1

What are gross skills?

Answer 1

large muscle movement
large muscle groups

Question 2

What are fine skills?

Answer 2

intricate movements
small muscle groups

Question 3

What are open skills?

Answer 3

affected by the environment

Question 4

What are closed skills?

Answer 4

not affected by environment

Question 5

What are discrete skills?

Answer 5

well defined skills
have clear beginning and end

Question 6

What are serial skills?

Answer 6

group of discrete skills

Question 7

What are continuous skills?

Answer 7

no obvious beginning or end
repeated

Question 8

What are internally paced skills?

Answer 8

performer controls pace

Question 9

What are externally paced skills?

Answer 9

environment controls pace

Question 10

What are simple skills?

Answer 10

straightforward
no decisions made

Question 11

What are complex skills?

Answer 11

many decisions made

Question 12

What is positive transfer?

Answer 12

when as skill is already learnt or being learnt has a positive helping effect on learning a new skill.

Question 13

what is negative transfer?

Answer 13

performer misunderstanding the movement requirements

Question 14

What is proactive transfer?

Answer 14

previously learned skill influences the a skill that is being learnt.
can be positive or negative

Question 15

What is retroactive transfer?

Answer 15

occurs when a newly learned skill influences a previously learned skill.
can be positive or negative

Question 16

What is bilateral transfer?

Answer 16

transfer of learning from one limb to another.

Question 17

what is part practice

Answer 17

working on an isolated sub-routine

Question 18

when is part practice used

Answer 18

low organisation skills
if the task is complex and dangerous

Question 19

why is part practice used

Answer 19

allows performers to make sense of a skill
reduces possibility of overload

Question 20

what is whole practice

Answer 20

skills being taught without breaking them down

Question 21

when is whole practice used

Answer 21

high organisational skills

Question 22

why is whole practice used

Answer 22

allows the performer to feel kinaesthesis

Question 23

what is whole-part-whole practice

Answer 23

practicing the whole skill, then a sub-routine, the the whole skill again

Question 24

when is whole-part-whole practice used

Answer 24

serial skills
low organisation skills
subroutines have distinct features

Question 25

why is whole-part-whole practice used

Answer 25

recognise strengths and weaknesses
correct specific errors
allows some feel of the skill

Question 26

what is progressive-part practice

Answer 26

skills are broken down into sub-routines, performer learns the sub routine and then the link between them

Question 27

when is progressive-part practice used

Answer 27

complex skills
low organisation skills
serial skills

Question 28

why is progressive-part practice used

Answer 28

allow performer to learn links between sub routines

Question 29

what is massed practice

Answer 29

very short or no rest intervals

Question 30

when is mass practice used

Answer 30

discrete skills of short duration
highly motivated performers
good fitness levels

Question 31

why is massed practice used

Answer 31

groove skills
simulate elements of fatigue

Question 32

what is distributed practice

Answer 32

practice sessions with intervals

Question 33

when is distributed practice used

Answer 33

with continuous skills
with beginners

Question 34

why is distributed practice used

Answer 34

allow performers to receive feedback
helps maintain motivation

Question 35

what is fixed practice

Answer 35

specific movements practiced repeatedly in a stable environment

Question 36

when is fixed practice used

Answer 36

with closed skills
patterns that need to be overlearned

Question 37

why is fixed practice used

Answer 37

allows skills to become habitual and automatic

Question 38

what is varied practice

Answer 38

a skill practised in many different environments

Question 39

when is varied practice used

Answer 39

open skills
conditions must be realistic

Question 40

why is varied practiced used

Answer 40

develops experiences in long term memory
develops decision-making skills