Paper1 Biomechanics: Biomechanical Principles, Levers, And The Use Of Technology

Question 1

newtons 1st law

Answer 1

-law of inertia
-a body will remain at rest or uniform velocity unless acted on by an external force

Question 2

newtons 2nd law

Answer 2

-law of acceleration
-a body’s acceleration is proportional to the size of the force applies

Question 3

newtons 3rd law

Answer 3

-law of reaction
-for every action there is and equal and opposite reaction

Question 4

velocity(m/s) definition

Answer 4

rate of change of displacement

Question 5

velocity(m/s) equation

Answer 5

velocity(m/s)=displacement(m)/time taken(s)

Question 6

momentum(kgm/s) definition

Answer 6

quantity of motion possessed by a moving body

Question 7

momentum(kgm/s) equation

Answer 7

momentum(kgm/s)=mass(kg) x velocity(m/s)

Question 8

acceleration(m/s/s) definition

Answer 8

rate of change of velocity

Question 9

acceleration(m/s/s) equation

Answer 9

acceleration(m/s/s)=final velocity-initial velocity/time taken

Question 10

force(N) definition

Answer 10

push or pull that alters the state of motion of a body

Question 11

force(N) equation

Answer 11

force(N) = mass(Kg) x acceleration(m/s/s)

Question 12

external force

Answer 12

comes from outside the body

Question 13

internal force

Answer 13

generated by skeletal muscle

Question 14

effects of force

Answer 14

-create motion
-accelerate/decelerate a body
-change the direction of a body
change the shape of a body

Question 15

vertical forces

Answer 15

weight and reaction

Question 16

horizontal forces

Answer 16

friction and air resistance

Question 17

weight(N) definition

Answer 17

gravitational pull that the earth exerts on a body

Question 18

weight(N) equation

Answer 18

mass x acceleration

Question 19

reaction(N) definition

Answer 19

equal and opposite force exerted by the body in response to the force placed upon it

Question 20

friction(N) definition

Answer 20

the force that opposes the motion of 2 surfaces in contact

Question 21

air resistance(N) definition

Answer 21

the force that opposed motion through the air

Question 22

factors affecting friction

Answer 22

-roughness of the surface
-roughness if the contact surface
-temperature
-size of normal reaction

Question 23

factors affecting air resistance

Answer 23

-velocity
-shape
-frontal cross sectional area
-smoothness of surface

Question 24

stability

Answer 24

the ability of a body to resist motion and remain at rest

Question 25

factors affecting stability

Answer 25

-mass of the body
-height of the centre of mass
-size of the base of support
-line of gravity

Question 26

first class lever

Answer 26

effort-fulcrum-load or load-fulcrum-effort e.g., extension of the neck when preparing to head the ball

Question 27

second class lever

Answer 27

effort-load-fulcrum or fulcrum-load-effort e.g., ball of the foot during take off in high jump

Question 28

third class lever

Answer 28

load-effort-fulcrum or fulcrum-effort-load e.g., flexion of the elbow during a bicep curl

Question 29

mechanical advantage

Answer 29

2nd class lever systems where the effort arm is greater than the load arm

Question 30

mechanical disadvantage

Answer 30

3rd class lever systems where the load arm is greater than the effort arm

Question 31

limb kinematics definition

Answer 31

study of movement in relation to time and space

Question 32

limb kinematics use

Answer 32

-3D/optical motion analysis records an athlete performing a skill
-they can evaluate the efficiency of the skill

Question 33

force plates definition

Answer 33

ground reaction forces are measured in laboratory conditions

Question 34

force plates use

Answer 34

-athletes balance/jump/run on a force plate
-this assesses the size and direction of the forces acting on the athlete

Question 35

wind tunnels definition

Answer 35

steel frame building containing wide fans where artificial wind is creates

Question 36

wind tunnels use

Answer 36

used to develop the drag reduction systems of objects such as cycle helmets and F1 cars