Paper1 Exercise Physiology: Ergogenic Aids Flashcards
What are the benefits of Anabolic steroids?
- increases muscle mass and strength
- increases duration and intensity
What are the disadvantages of anabolic steroids?
- mood swings
- heart failure
- acne
What are the benefits of EPO?
- increases red blood cell count
- increases aerobic capacity
What are the disadvantages of EPO?
- increased blood viscosity
- decreased cardiac output
- increased blood clots and heart failure
What are the benefits of Human Growth Hormone?
- increases muscle mass and strength
- decreases fat mass due to an increase in fat metabolism
What are the disadvantages of Human Growth Hormone?
- enlargement of vital organs
- abnormal bone and muscle development
What are the benefits to blood doping?
- increases red blood cell count
- increases oxygen transport
What are the disadvantages to blood doping?
- increased blood viscosity
- decreased cardiac output
- increased blood clots
What are the benefits to cooling aids?
- reduces core temperature
- decreases sweating
What are the disadvantages to cooling aids?
- may mask or worsen injuries
How does dehydration reduce performance?
- decreased heat regulation
- increased blood viscosity
- increased heart rate
- increased fatigue
What is a hypotonic drink?
- lower concentration of glucose than blood
What is an isotonic drink?
- equal concentration of glucose to blood
What is a hypertonic drink?
- higher concentration of glucose than blood.
Describe carb loading
- starts one week before comp
- Day1: intense exercise
- Day2/3: high protein/fat diet
- Day4: intense exercise
- Day5/7: high carb loading
What are the benefits to carb loading?
- increased glycogen stores
- increased endurance
- delays fatigue
What are the limitations to carb loading?
- poor recovery
- lethargy
- increased risk of injury
Describe pre-meals
- pre event
- pre meals
What are the benefits to pre-meals?
- tops up liver glycogen
- maintains blood glucose levels
What are the limitations to pre-meals?
- avoiding carbohydrates
Describe creatine
- increases phosphocreatine stores
- powder or tablet
What are the strengths to creatine supplements?
- increased phosphocreatine stores
- increases intensity, power, duration
What are the limitations to creatine supplements?
- weight gain
- increased water retention
- cramps
Describe caffeine
- stimulates the central nervous system
