PAPER 3 - SCHIZOPHRENIA - classification and diagnosis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

what is schizophrenia?

A

a severe mental disorder involving impaired insight and loss of contact with reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is classification of mental disorders?

A

the process of organising symptoms into categories based on which symptoms frequently cluster together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are positive symptoms?

A
  • symptoms experiences in addition to normal experiences
  • hallucinations and delusions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are hallucinations?

A
  • positive symptom
  • unreal perceptions of the environment that are auditory, visual, olfactory or tactile
  • many schizophrenics report hearing voices to harm themselves or others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are delusions?

A
  • positive symptom
  • irrational beliefs
  • a person believes something is real that isn’t, involves inflated beliefs about persons power and importance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A
  • experiences that represent the loss of a usual experience
  • speech poverty and avolition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how do we distinguish between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

positive - excess/distortion of normal functioning
negative - loss/munition of normal functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the differences between the 2 manuals in their classification of schizophrenia?

A

DSM (US) - 1 positive symptom = schizophrenia
ICD (UK) - 2 negative symptoms = schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is speech poverty?

A
  • negative symptom
  • reduced frequency and quality of speech
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is avolition?

A
  • negative symptom
  • loss of motivation to carry out tasks and results in lower activity levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is co-morbidity?

A
  • occurrence of 2 disorders together
  • where 2 conditions are frequently diagnosed together it questions validity of classifying the 2 disorders separately
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is symptom overlap?

A
  • occurs when 2 or more conditions share symptoms
  • when 2 conditions share symptoms it questions validity of classifying the 2 disorders separately
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why is good reliability a strength of the diagnosis of schizophrenia?

A
  • Osorio reported excellent reliability/consistency of diagnosis of schizophrenia in 180 people using the DSM
  • pairs of interviewers achieved inter-rater reliability of +0.97 and test-retest reliability of +0.92
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why is gender bias in diagnosis a limitation of the diagnosis of schizophrenia?

A
  • men are more commonly diagnosed with schizophrenia than women
  • explanation could be that women are less vulnerable than men due to genetic factors
  • seems more likely that women are underdiagnosed as they have closer relationships and support
  • women may not be receiving treatment they need
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why is culture bias in diagnosis a limitation of the diagnosis of schizophrenia?

A
  • hearing voices have different meanings in different cultures
  • afro-carribean societies consider hearing voices from loved ones to be desirable
  • discriminated against due to culturally-biased diagnostic system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly