PAPER 2 - COMPARISON OF APPROACHES Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 main comparison points of the approaches?

A
  • free will vs determinism
  • nature vs nurture
  • scientific vs non-scientific
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2
Q

what is determinism?

A

assumption that behaviour is determined by things other than the individuals free will e.g. biology

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3
Q

what is free will?

A

behaviour is self-determined by individuals free-will

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4
Q

what is nature?

A

behaviour is a result of genetic makeup

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5
Q

what is nurture?

A

behaviour is a result of experiences in our environment

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6
Q

what is scientific vs non-scientific methodology?

A

does the approach take scientific method (e.g. lab study) or alterative method

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7
Q

is behaviourist approach deterministic or based on free will?

A

deterministic

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8
Q

why is the behaviourist deterministic?

A

the consequences of our behaviour determine the likelihood of a behaviour recurring - skinner emphasised the importance of external forces in the environment (reward/punishment) in shaping our behaviour

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9
Q

is social learning theory deterministic or based on free will?

A

has aspects of determinism and free will

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10
Q

how is social learning theory based on determinism?

A

observing others (vicarious learning) - behaviour is a product of our experiences

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11
Q

how is social learning theory based on free will?

A

the learning process provides ‘tools’ to conduct a particular behaviour - up to individual how/when to use tools

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12
Q

is the cognitive approach based on determinism or free will?

A

free will

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13
Q

why is the cognitive approach deterministic?

A

determined by individuals own though processes and determine behaviour allows individual to have some control over their behaviour

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14
Q

is the biological approach based on determinism or free will?

A

determinism

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15
Q

why is the biological approach based on determinism?

A

determined by physiological and genetic factors - outside of our control

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16
Q

is the psychodynamic approach based on determinism or free will?

A

determinism

17
Q

why is the psychodynamic approach based on determinism?

A

determined by unconscious factors that are largely unknown to us so out of our control

18
Q

is the humanistic approach based on determinism or free will?

A

free will

19
Q

why is the /humanistic approach based on free will?

A

Maslow and Rogers believed that decide their own behaviour rather than outside forces (e.g. biology)

20
Q

is the origin of the behaviourist approach based on nature or nurture?

A

nurture

21
Q

why is the behaviourist approach based on nurture?

A

behaviour is the consequence of our interactions with the environment and consequences of our behaviour within that environment

22
Q

is the origin of social learning theory based on nature or nurture?

A

both

23
Q

why is social learning theory based on nature?

A

thought processes may be a product of innate factors or experiences, sharing information processing

24
Q

why is social learning theory based on nurture?

A

problems may arise when people develop irrational thoughts as a result of our experience

25
Q

is the origin of the biological approach based on nature or nurture?

A

nature

26
Q

why is the origin of the biological approach nature?

A

biological systems are a product of innate factors

27
Q

is the origin of the psychodynamic approach based on nature or nurture?

A

both

28
Q

why is the psychodynamic approach based on nature?

A

focuses on the nature of human behaviour in the unconscious forces and conflicts we must all deal with

29
Q

why is the psychodynamic approach based on nurture?

A

how we cope is a large product of our upbringing

30
Q

is the origin of the humanistic approach based on nature or nurture?

A

both

31
Q

why is the origin of the humanistic approach based on nature?

A

makes various assumptions about human nature e.g. drive to self actualise

32
Q

why is the origin of the humanistic approach based on nurture?

A

acknowledges problems in achieving self-actualisation that arise from experiences/upbringing e.g. CoW, unconditional positive regard

33
Q

is behaviourist approach scientific? why?

A
  • scientific
  • focus is on objective experimental methods of studying responses allows for replication
34
Q

is social learning theory scientific? why?

A
  • scientific
  • allows for strict control over variables - Bobo Dolls
35
Q

is cognitive approach scientific? why?

A
  • scientific
  • focus is on objective experimental methods of studying responses allows for replication (nonsense trigrams P&P)
36
Q

is biological approach scientific?

A
  • scientific
  • uses experimental methods - scans & biochemistry
37
Q

is psychodynamic approach scientific?

A
  • non-scientific
  • uses case studies to support it
38
Q

is humanistic approach scientific?

A
  • non-scientific
  • rejects scientific methodology - saw it as dehumanising and unable to capture nature of conscious experiences