PAPER 2 - COMPARISON OF APPROACHES Flashcards
what are the 3 main comparison points of the approaches?
- free will vs determinism
- nature vs nurture
- scientific vs non-scientific
what is determinism?
assumption that behaviour is determined by things other than the individuals free will e.g. biology
what is free will?
behaviour is self-determined by individuals free-will
what is nature?
behaviour is a result of genetic makeup
what is nurture?
behaviour is a result of experiences in our environment
what is scientific vs non-scientific methodology?
does the approach take scientific method (e.g. lab study) or alterative method
is behaviourist approach deterministic or based on free will?
deterministic
why is the behaviourist deterministic?
the consequences of our behaviour determine the likelihood of a behaviour recurring - skinner emphasised the importance of external forces in the environment (reward/punishment) in shaping our behaviour
is social learning theory deterministic or based on free will?
has aspects of determinism and free will
how is social learning theory based on determinism?
observing others (vicarious learning) - behaviour is a product of our experiences
how is social learning theory based on free will?
the learning process provides ‘tools’ to conduct a particular behaviour - up to individual how/when to use tools
is the cognitive approach based on determinism or free will?
free will
why is the cognitive approach deterministic?
determined by individuals own though processes and determine behaviour allows individual to have some control over their behaviour
is the biological approach based on determinism or free will?
determinism
why is the biological approach based on determinism?
determined by physiological and genetic factors - outside of our control