Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HL Bio > paper 1 mistakes :( (rui en) > Flashcards

paper 1 mistakes :( (rui en) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

which structures are found in both chloroplasts and mitochondria?
1. 70s ribosomes
2. 80s ribosomes
3. circular DNA

A

1 and 3

prokaryotic – endosymbiotic theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

in animals adapted to cold conditions, how do their cell membranes change in order to carry out exocytosis?

A

cold = needs more ‘kinks’ bc it needs to be packed less closely when it shrinks – maintain fluidity for exocytosis
- more unsaturated = more kinks = more fluid
more cholesterol and proteins = more fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hydrolysis of triglyceride molecule products

A

glycerol and unsaturated molecule (only bc the pic showed an unsaturated thing connected to a glycerol – I guess hydrolysis breaks the O-C=O bond?? but not the C=C one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

amylose has ()-glucose and cellulose has ()-glucose

A

alpha
beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

linkages in amylose and cellulose?

A

amylose: 1,4 linkages
cellulose: 1,4 linkages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which of the following best explains the purpose of anaerobic respiration in humans during vigorous exercise?
1. to increase the power of muscle contraction during exercise
2. to breakdown pyruvate into lactic acid to release oxygen for muscle cells
3. to be able to produce ATP despite no oxygen supplied to the muscle cells
4. to produce lactic acid to lower the pH in the muscle cells for more efficient contractions

A

A

(‘no oxygen’ is NO. u dont just stop breathing???)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

order the testing sequence of the following:
animal, healthy human, diseased human

A
  1. animal
  2. healthy human
  3. diseased human
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which part of a nucleotide does a new nuclotide attach!
a. phosphate grp
b. deoxyribose - pentose sugar
c. nitrogenous base

A

b!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what protein level is a thick coil?
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. quaternary

A

b. secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are non-mendillian ratios caused by

A

linked genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is methane converted to in the atmostphere?
a. co2 and o2
b. ethanol and co2
c. co and o3
d. co2 and water

A

D
(its HARMful)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the heirarchy of taza in order of incr numbers of specis
a. genus, family, order, class
b. class, order, genus, family
c. genus, family, class, order
d. clas, order, family, ganus

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

phylum:
body cavity functions as a gut, single opening for ingestion and egestion
skin has poison glands, radially symmetrical
a. mollusca
b. cnidaria
c. porifera
d. platyhelminthes

A

b. cnidaria

JELLYFISH!!!!

c. sea sponge
D. WORMS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which of the following properties of water allow for transport of solutes in phloem under mass flow hypothesis?

1 adhesive properties of water
2 solvent properties
3 thermal
4 water is incompressible

A

2 and 4

needs sucrose to dissolve

forcing of water – high hydrostatic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

through what process does a spermatid become a spermatozoa
a. mitosis
b. differentiation
c. fertilisation
d. meiosis

A

b differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which correctly describtes how nitrogenous wastes are removed from insects?

A) malphigan tubes transport urea into guts of insects
B) malphigan tubes transport urea to be expelled
C) ammonia excreted into urine of insects
D) uric acid mixed w digested food

A

D

a+b: malphigan tubes helps form uric acid BUT LOOPS BACK to the gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is directly responsible for allergic symptoms eg runny nose?

a pathogens
b histamine
c t-lymphocytes
d antigens

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what makes HIV a retrovirus

a) translates info in RNA –> DNA
b) translates info in DNA –> RNA
c) translates info in RNA –> proteins
d) translates info in proteins –> RNA

A

A

translates rna to dna = hides in our dna until SHOWTIME when dna –> proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what results from the fusion of tumour cells with B cells

1) inability of B cells to divide
2) production of monoclonal antibodies
3) production of antigens
4) activation of T helper cells

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what effect do pesticides have on the nervous systems of insects

a) prevent acetylcholinesterase from breaking doen acetylcholine
b) inhibit depolarisation of presynaptic neuron = incr lvls of acetylcholine
c) prod inhibitor = promotes binding of acetylcholine
d) block synaptic transmission by binding w postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the role of calcium in muscle contraction
a) release tropomyosin from myosin
b) bind to tropopin so myosin-binding sites are exposed
c) bind to tropomyosin so ATP can bind to actin
d) release ATP from actin so myosin can bind to troponin

A

B

calcium binds to tropoin = myosin binding sites exposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

does mitosis repair or replace damaged cells

A

REPLACE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

why do fats and oils release twice the energy of carbs

A

less oxygen atoms in fats vs carbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

does ferilisation require membrane proteins

A

YES – docking proteins for sperm thingy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

where in the mitochondrion does decarboxylation occur?

A

matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

gel electrophoresis – what characteristics seperate chromosomes? 2

A

CHARGE and SIZE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

sequence of PCR

a) dentauration > elongation > ligation
b) denaturation > annealing > elongation
c) annealing > elongation > ligation
c a>e> termination

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

which hormone incr rate of energy storage and use?

a) insulin
b) glucagon
c) thyroxin
d) leptin

A

C

incr mtabolism and respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

whats epidemiological

A

disease incidence but population based

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

which organism has DNA in three organelles?

1 sponge
2 fern
3 flatworm
d bacterium

A

girl… nucleus mitochondria chlorpplast its the fern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

unique chemical characteristic of lipids?
1 carbon rings
2 low proportion of O vs C
3 contains OH grp
4 only C,H,O

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

which are GOOD
CIS unsaturated = HDL
TRANS unsat = LDL
saturated fatty acids

A

CIS unsaturated = HDL = GOOD
TRANS unsat = LDL = BAD
saturated = BAD (cholesterol buildup)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

which type of inhibition is not affected by incr substrate
1. competitive
2. non-competitive
3. reversible reaction

A

2 non comp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

sequence these

a) decarboxylation of pyruvate
b) diffusion of protons thru ATP synthase
c) phosphorylation of glucose

A

c –> a –> b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is the antisense strand?

A

template strand
- is the strand translated
- read 3’ to 5’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

which process inveolves the removal of introns
a) reaction catalysed by RNA polymerase
b) formation of mature eukaryotic RNA
c) production of okazaki fragments
d) reaction catalysed by DNA polymerase

A

B
formation of mature eukaryotic RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

mollusca 2 examples

A

clam and slug

38
Q

what cells are stimulated to divide by cytokines produced by T helper cells

a) macrophages
b) bacterial cells
c) tumour cells
d) b-lymphocytes

A

D

t cells help activate and do stuff to b cells

39
Q

what drug action could work in treating the overabundance of neurotransmitters dopamine and serotinin in the synapses?

a) release of cholinesterase into synaptic cleft
b) incr reuptake of dopamine and serotonin by PRE synaptic neurons
c) incr permeability of PRE to sodium
d) bloackage of dopamine and serotinin recepters in POST syn

A

B

40
Q

movement of elbow and triceps when lifting an apple?

extension vs flexion

relaxed vs contracting

A

flexion

relaxed

41
Q

which organism has DNA located in 3 organelles?
1. sponge
2. fern
3. flatworm
4. bacterium

A

the fern!

42
Q

which characteristic can show that a molecule is a lipid?
1. carbon rings
2. very low proportion of oxygen to carbon
3. OH groups (which fatty acids have)
4. only made of C, O, H

A

2 very low proportion of oxygen to carbon

43
Q

olive oil reduces risk of coronary heart disease. whi9ch are responsble for the health benefits?
1. cis unsat fatty acids
2. trans unsat fatty acids
3. saturated fatty acids

A

1 only

44
Q

which process involves the removal of introns?
1. reaction catalysed by RNA polymerase
2. formation of mature eukaryotic mRNA
3. production of koazaki fragments
4. reaction catalysed by DNA polymerase

A

2

45
Q

whats the biggest sink in the carbon cycle + biggest flux

A

oceans , photosynthesis

46
Q

what mollusca has no shell

A

slug :(

47
Q

which organ SECRETES lipase, amylase, protease?

A

pancreas

48
Q

how to treat overabyndance of the nuerotransmitters dopamine and serotionin?
1. release cholinesterase into synaptic cleft
2. incr re-uptake of dopamine and serotonin by presynaptic neurons
3. incr permeability of presynaptic neuron to sodium
4. blocked dopamine and serotonin receptors on presynaptic neurones

A

2

49
Q

what is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?
1. release tropomyosin from myosin
2. to bind to troponin so myosin bindign sites
3. bind to tropomyosin so ATP can bind to actin
4. to release ATP actin so myosin can bind to troponin

A

2

50
Q

when lifting an apple to bite it, the movement of the elbow? extension/flexion // the state of triceps? relaxed/contracting

A

flexion
relaxed

51
Q

in animals adapted to cold conditions, their cell surface membrances change as the weather gets colder, allowing cells to carry out exocytosis

what change occurs in their cell surface membranes?
1. decr ratio of proteins to saturated phospholipids
2. decr ratio of unsat phospholipids to sat
3. incr ratio of proteins to unsat
4. incr ratio of unsat to sat

A

4

exocytosis = more fluid required to maintain fluidity

unsaturated has double bonds (kinks)

when cold = shrink, closely packed
fluidity = incr cholesterol and proteins – incr kinks
hence cannot be closely packed

52
Q

which is the correct description for the structure of amylose and cellulose?
amylose – alpha/beta glucose, 1,4/1,4+1,6 linkages
cellulose – alpha/beta glucose, 1,4/,1,4+1,6 linkages

A

amylose – alpha, 1,4
cellulose – beta, 1,4

53
Q

does a new nucleotide attach at the phosphate group or the ribose sugar?

A

the ribose sugar

54
Q

methanogens produce methane. what is methane gas converted to in the atmosphere

A

carbon dioxide and water

55
Q

arrange the heirarchy of taxa in order of increasing nuymbers of species

genus, order, family, class

A

genus
family
order
class

56
Q

animal with single opening for ingestion and egestion, radially symmetrical – what phylum

A

cnidaria (like jellyfish!)

57
Q

which of these properties of water allow for transport of solutes in phloem under mass flow hypotehsis?
1 adhesive properties of water
2. solvent properties of water
3. thermal properties of water
4. water is incompressible

A

2 and 4

sucrose needs to dissolve

needs to build high hydrostatic pressure

58
Q

through what process does a spermatid become a functioning spermatozoa
1. mitosis
2. differentiation
3. fertilisation
4. meiosis

A

differentiation

59
Q

what makes HIV categorised as a retrovirus? it translates info in…
1. RNA to DNA
2. DNA to RNA
3. RNA into proteins
4. proteins into RNA

A

1 RNA to DNA
hides by injecting its RNA into DNA during latency period. DNA translated into proteins affecting T cells (burst and die)

60
Q

what effect do pesticides have on the nervous system of insects?

A

block synaptic transmission by binding with postsynaptic acetykcholine receptors

61
Q

what bonds link monosaccarides together to form dissacharides

hydrogen/ester/glycosidic/peptide

A

glycosidic

62
Q

gorter and grendel test – what did they determine abouyt cell membranes?

A

phospholipid bilayer – nothing abt proteins im pretty sure

63
Q

what is the difference between two alleles of a gene?
1. their amino acid sequence
2. their base sequence

A

their BASE sequence

64
Q

is chorionic villus sampling or aminocentesis performced earlier in pregnancy and which has higher risk

A

CVS earlier
CVS more risk

65
Q

which conditions favour methane production?
- eubacteria / archaeans
- waterlogged soil / organic matter / oxygen

A

archaeans

waterlogged soil

66
Q

in an insect leg, what is the muscle on the inner part and whcih is the outer one

A

inner = extensor

outer = flexor (=bicep)

67
Q

Which genotype is normally found on a gamete?
Rr or RS

A

RS

68
Q

What are the evolutionary origins and functions of homologous structures

Common/ different origin/ both
Same / different function / both

A

Common Origin
(Both) function

69
Q

What are the evolutionary origins and functions of homologous structures

Common/ different origin/ both
Same / different function / both

A

Common Origin
(Both) function

70
Q

What is another name for epinephrine

A

Adrenaline

71
Q

Which process does not take place in the stroke of chloroplasts

  1. Synthesis of carbohydrates
  2. Fixation of carbon
  3. Reduction of NADP
  4. Synthesis of RuBP
A

Reduction of NADP

72
Q

Which process does not take place in the stroma of chloroplasts

  1. Synthesis of carbohydrates
  2. Fixation of carbon
  3. Reduction of NADP
  4. Synthesis of RuBP
A

Reduction of NADP

73
Q

how does study of rock deposition provide evidence of when organisms first started to photosynthesise?
1. fossils of leaves found
2. analysis of rocks for magnesium could indicate chrlorophyll formation
3. carbon content of rock indicates amt of carbon dioxide in atmos
4. rocks of diff colour desposited when o2 released by psis

A

4

74
Q

dogs are descended from wolves thru selective breeding – what is a result of this?
1. many diff species of dogs exist
2. legs of diff breeds of dogs show discreet variation
3. dogs have a variety of pheotypes
4. tails of dogs are analogous structures

A

3

75
Q

how does an image produced through tomography differ from conventional electron microscopy?

A

tomography can prod 3d structures

75
Q

how does the overuse of antibiotics make them less effective?
1. can cause mutation in bacteria
2. incr number of bacteria better adapted for survival

A

2

76
Q

what iccurs during skeletal muscle contraction
1. myosin and actin filaments decr length
2. calcium ions bind to troponin
3. atp binds to actin heads
4. dark band gets shorter

A

2

77
Q

what stage of spermatogenesis prod haploid from diploid
1. spermatogonia -> pri spermatocyte
2. pri -> sec
3. sec -> spermatids
3. tids -> sperm cells

A

2

78
Q

what enzyme removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA during DNA replication?

A

DNA polymerase I

79
Q

what is contained in skeletal muscle?
1. cross bridges betw muscle fibres
2. sarcomeres formed of contractile myofibrils
3. myosin filaments form cross bridges with troponin and tropomyosin
4. multinucleate cells w numerous microfibrils made of contractile sarcomeres

A

4

80
Q

why is the singer nicolson model better than the davison danielli model
1 has extrinsic proteins
2 shows how the layers are arranged
3 helps understanding fluidity of cell membrane
4 shows how o2 diffuses into cell

A

3

singernicolson is the fluid mosaic model – proteins are INSIDE not outside

81
Q

how do methanoic archaeans living in peat bogs obtain energy to survive

A

syn methane from co2 released from decomposing peat (decomposed vegetative matter)

82
Q

why are daily FSH injections given during IVF treatment

A

to induce ovary to prod more eggs than normal

83
Q

which end gets the methylated cap and which gets the poly-A-tail

A

5’ cap

3’ tail

84
Q

what releases histamine

A

white blood cells

85
Q

what is fused with tumour cells in the production of monoclonal antibodies

A

plasma cells

86
Q

what bone is the bicep and tricep attached to

A

bicep: inside, hence radius
triceps: ulna

87
Q

where is the greatest quantity of water reabsorbed un the nephron

A

proximal convoluted tubule

88
Q

at which stage of the cell cycle are chromosomes duplicated

A

S phase
replicates chromosomes = 2 sister chromatids

89
Q

what end of the DNA strand are the leading and lagging strands during replication

A

BOTH are 3’

(tail end)

90
Q

Effect of low temps on enzymes?

A

Inactivates them / slows down

HL Bio (53 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions