Panopto 39: Endocrine

Question 1

How are the neurohypothesis parts arranged?

Answer 1

in a continuous line, pars nervosa is furthest from the brain at the bottom, and the infindibulum is just above, closer to the brain, then the median eminence is at the border of the hypothalamus or the base of the brain. Left side of the brain in the diagram

Question 2

How are the adenohypothesis parts arranged?

Answer 2

more scattered and a bit more separated. The pars intermedia is in between the pars tuberalis and pars distalis. The pars tuberalis is separated up by the infundibulum. (the right side of the diagram)

Question 3

adenohypophysis, other name

Answer 3

anterior pituitary

Question 4

Neurohypophysis, other name

Answer 4

posterior pituitary

Question 5

another name for pars nervosa

Answer 5

posterior lobe

Question 6

another name for pars distalis

Answer 6

anterior lobe

Question 7

neurohypophysis, where do neurons originate from and where do they go to?

Answer 7

neurons originate in the hypothalamus and extend down into the infundibulum and then into the pars nervosa

Question 8

neurons create 2 groups in the hypothalamus

Answer 8

supraoptic nucelus
paraventricular nucleus

Question 9

what are bundled axons called

Answer 9

hypothalamic hypothesis tract. why is it called a tract? a collection of axons in the central nervous system

Question 10

what is the equivalent to the hypothalamo-hypophseal tract in the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 10

called a nerve

Question 11

What are the neurons in the hypothalamic hypothesis tract specialized for?

Answer 11

secretion of peptide hormones that are endocrine in their function

Question 12

hormones that come from the neural hypothesis

Answer 12

1. antidiuretic hormone (ADH): it causes the collecting ducts of the kidney to conserve water from the urine and to put it back into the blood. As a result, the urine is more concentrated
2. oxytocin: stimulates the release of milk and lactation; a nervous message gets sent to the hypothalamus, where it stimulates the release of the hormone and then the release of milk.

Question 13

whats another word for ADH?

Answer 13

vasopressin

Question 14

When would high amounts of ADH be released, and what happens?

Answer 14

when blood volume and blood pressure get low. causes the smooth muscle in the blood vessels to contract, and the result would be that the blood pressure would rise (this is why its called vasopressin)

Question 15

what happens when someone can’t secrete ADH?

Answer 15

can’t conserve volumes of water, which leads to drinking more water. these large amounts of urine are called polyurea and this gives rise to a condition called diabetes insipidus

Question 16

What do the paraventricular nuclei secrete?

Answer 16

oxytocin

Question 17

what do the supraoptic nuclei produce?

Answer 17

ADH

Question 18

neurophysin

Answer 18

transport protein that hormones are bound to after synthesis. transported down the axon to the pars nervosa where theyre stored in the axon terminals.

Question 19

herring bodies

Answer 19

when the axon terminals holding the hormones swell. They are acidophilic.

Question 20

what other cells are in the nuerohypothsis

Answer 20

Pituicytes: pigmented specialized glial cells; they have GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) support for the neurons in the neuralhypothsis

Question 21

what is the most productive part of the pituitary

Answer 21

adenohypophysis due to the number of cell types

Question 22

what hormones does the adenohypophysis secrete?

Answer 22

tropic hormones that stimulate the release of another hormone and increase the activity of target cell

Question 23

hypothalamus additional function and what it secretes

Answer 23

control the release of hormones from the adenohypophysis
secretes: hypothalamic regulating factors (2 kinds)
1. releasing factors that stimulate secretion
2. inhibiting factors that inhibit secretion (these allow the adenohypothsis to secrete its hormones)

Question 24

How do the releasing factors work in the hypothalamus?

Answer 24

starts with a stimulus (ex: low concentration of a hormone)
then the appropriate releasing factor is secreted (goes to the pars distalis and controls the release of a tropic hormone)

Question 25

how are cells secreted by the pars distalis separated?

Answer 25

5 cells are divided into 2 groups based on acidophilic and basophilic

Question 26

acidophils in the pars distalis

Answer 26

somatotropic: secrete growth hormone: influences the growth of our long bones
lactotropic: secretes prolactin functions in both the male (testosterone influences leydig cells) and female (lactatation)

Question 27

basophils in the pars distalis

Answer 27

Gonadotropic: LH and FSH functional in both males (LH:stimulates leydig cells to secrete testosterone) and females (ovulation) cells division in the seminiferous tubule (FSH)

Thyrotropic: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the production of thyroid hormone T3 or T4

Adrenocorticotropic: produces adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and influences cells we find in the adrenal cortex (zona fasiculata: produces glucose or glucocorticoid)

Question 28

what does the pars intermedia produce

Answer 28

MSH melanocyte stimulating hormone

Question 29

what does the pars tuberalis produce?

Answer 29

gonadotropic cells