panopto 28: respiratory system

Question 1

what happens in the respiratory system

Answer 1

gas exchange occurs and oxygen and CO2 happen in the lungs

Question 2

what are the 2 regions of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

1. the conducting portion
2. the respiratory portion

Question 3

Which is longer, the conducting portion or the respiratory portion?

Answer 3

conducting

Question 4

what parts are included in the conducting portion?

Answer 4

from the nose to the terminal bronchioles in the lungs

Question 5

what does the conducting portion do?

Answer 5

Passages ways for air to the lungs, conditions the air as it passes through, adjusts humidity, cleans the air, remove particles by having them stick to a wet surface. The sense of smell and the production of speech is published by transporting air into and out of the lungs

Question 6

where does the respiratory portion begin and end

Answer 6

begins where the conducting portion ends, immediately after the terminal bronchiole where the respiratory bronchiole is, this portion ends in the alveoli.

Question 7

what is the function of the respiratory portion?

Answer 7

gas exchange

Question 8

where does air enter (conducting portion)

Answer 8

through the nostrils and goes into the nasal cavities which are separated by a nasal septum (left and right version are identical) arent always exactly identical but its the intention

Question 9

vestibule (conducting portion)

Answer 9

a cavity of the appendage that is the nose, outside the skull, made of cartilage and skin. It conditions the air. This chamber is not big and the back goes up to a larger cavity

Question 10

what are vibrissae

Answer 10

short hairs in the vestibule that act as a filter, catching larger particles and preventing them from going deep into the lungs.

Question 11

nasal fossa (conducting portion)

Answer 11

second part of this cavity, now in the skull surrounded by bone, these are separated by the nasal septum. On the lateral surface of the nasal fossa opposite the nasal septum, there are 3 bony shelf like projections called concha or turbinates.

Question 12

name the kinds of concha

Answer 12

Superior concha: up highest by the eyes, middle concha, and an inferior concha closest to the mouth.

Question 13

what do the concha do?

Answer 13

condition the air and increase the surface area of the nasal fossa, increasing the efficiency of the conditioning process. They also cause the air to swirl and it functions like a turbine; air flows over the concha and swirl around the nasal fossa, causing it to stay up there longer, causing greater contact with this surface area, increasing the efficiency of the conditioning process

Question 14

do we have naked boney surfaces?

Answer 14

no because the concha are covered by epithelium

Question 15

what is another name for the venous plexus

Answer 15

swell bodies

Question 16

what is the venus plexus

Answer 16

Under the epithelium theres a system of blood vessels that form a branching network. Their function is that every 20-30 min the swell body becomes engorged with blood and pushes the covering epithelium outward, reducing the airspace of the fossa, increasing resistance to the flow of air, and some air will be sent to the other nasal cavity. After 20-30 min the engorgment subsides, but then the other side begins to inflate with blood and the process goes back and forth. The advantage here is that your nose is able to recover.

Question 17

what are swell bodies sensitive to?

Answer 17

Swell bodies are very sensitive to allergies and inflammation, causing both sides to swell and we breath through our mouth.

Question 18

what is the flow of blood and air in the swell bodies

Answer 18

Blood is ALWAYS flowing from back to front, while air ALWAYS flows front to back: this is called the counter-current system (blood flows the opposite way as air: increasing the efficiency of the conditioning process. Heat is leaving, the blood is warming the air so as the blood moves it will be colder.

Question 19

what is the warmest part of the cavity?

Answer 19

The posterior is always the warmest part of the cavity because it is exposed to the warmest blood.

Question 20

what is the vestibule lined with?

Answer 20

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, one of the rare parts of our body where epithelium is transferring from one type to another (transitional epithelium). This is because it is changing from skin epithelium to respiratory epithelium. The only thing separating the epithelium from the respiratory system from the skin that’s on the outside.

Question 21

what is the nasal fossa classified as?

Answer 21

”typical respiratory epithelium” and “simple epithelium”

Question 22

what is the composition of the nasal fossa?

Answer 22

1. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar cells
2. Goblet cells
3. Brush cells
4. small granule cells
5. basal cells

Question 23

ciliated psuedostratified columnar cells

Answer 23

(most abundant in this kind because we need a lot of the cilia: moves the mucus up and out of our airways)
Immotile cilia syndrome (kartageners): congenital deficiency of a motor protein called dynein. Because this is absent the cilia dont work so the mucus that is being produced by this epithelium and anything trapped in the mucus is stagnant and remains in the respiratory tract. Serves as a growth area for significant infections.

Question 24

goblet cells

Answer 24

second most numerous

Question 25

brush cells

Answer 25

Columnar and have blunt microvili on apical surfaces, on basal surface they form synapses with afferent neurons of the trigeminal nerve. (sensory neurons: psuedo-unipolar) function: general sensation, generate a sneeze (help discharge source of irritation)

Question 26

basal cells

Answer 26

short cells that dont make it to the apical surface, stem cells that are on the basement membrane. NOT columnar