EXAM 3 START: Panopto 25 Integument

Question 1

How much of the body mass does skin make up?

Answer 1

15-20%

Question 2

What are the 5 functions of skin?

Answer 2

1. Sensory: Detailed, specific info about our external environment through receptors
2. Homeostasis: regulates body temperature, radiates heat and sweat, and lowers body temperature.
3. Protection: defense function, barrier function, participation in the immune response and antigen processing
4. Excretion: Glands embedded in the skin, getting rid of excess electrolytes through sweat
5. Other: calcium metabolized, forming vitamin D3, attracting the sexes: some glands excrete both signaling molecules that the opposite sex notices

Question 3

What are the 2 main layers of the skin?

Answer 3

Epidermis and Dermis

Question 4

what is the outside layer of skin or the layer we can see?

Answer 4

epidermis

Question 5

What kind of epithelium is the epidermis made of?

Answer 5

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 6

is the dermis the outer layer or the inner layer?

Answer 6

inner layer underneath the epidermis

Question 7

which is thicker the dermis or epidermis?

Answer 7

dermis

Question 8

what does the dermis consist of

Answer 8

connective tissue

Question 9

what are some things the dermis includes?

Answer 9

hair follicles, blood vessels, smooth muscle

Question 10

what are the 2 layers of the dermis?

Answer 10

1. Papilary layer
2. Reticular layer

Question 11

describe the papilary layer

Answer 11

papilae, loose connective tissue layer with elastic fibers and collagen that are randomly woven (no pattern), thin layer

Question 12

describe the reticular layer

Answer 12

thicker layer, dense connective tissue, larger bundles of fibers: collagen and elastic fibers; collagen is in long parallel lines (langer lines).

Question 13

which layer is important for a surgeon to understand?

Answer 13

the reticular layer of the dermis. they need to cut between the fibers not across to avoid scaring

Question 14

hypodermis

Answer 14

underneath the dermis, largely white fat, subcutaneous fat. For energy storage

Question 15

what is another term for the hypodermis?

Answer 15

subcutaneous layer

Question 16

Is the hypodermis part of the skin?

Answer 16

no it is below the dermis

Question 17

Is the epidermis simple or stratified

Answer 17

stratified, it has 5 layers

Question 18

List the layers of the epidermis from the bottom layer to the uppermost outer layer

Answer 18

1. stratum Basale
2. stratum spinosum
3. stratum granulosum
4. stratum lucidum
5. stratum corneum

Question 19

what is another term for stratum basale?

Answer 19

stratum germinatevum

Question 20

what kind of epithelium does the stratum basale have?

Answer 20

anything but squamous, vary between cuboidal and columnar

Question 21

is the stratum basale simple or stratified

Answer 21

simple one layer

Question 22

what happens in the stratum basale?

Answer 22

cell division its a germ layer

Question 23

describe the stratum spinosum

Answer 23

prickly appearance, look like spines, finger like projections of the cell surface that adhere to the projections of the adjacent cell.

Question 24

what is the point of adhesion between projections in the stratum spinosum called?

Answer 24

desmosomes

Question 25

Where do desmosomes in the stratum spinosum reside?

Answer 25

in the intercellular space

Question 26

Can we see desmosomes in the light microscope?

Answer 26

no unless they are in the skin because they are in groups

Question 27

node of bizzero

Answer 27

in the stratum spinosum, groups of desmosomes

Question 28

Malpighian layer

Answer 28

first 2 layers of the epidermis, stratum basale and stratum spinosum

Question 29

How many cells thick is the stratum granulosum?

Answer 29

2-4 cells thick, and the cells are flattened and keratinized

Question 30

what causes cells in the stratum granulosum to be granular?

Answer 30

flattened cells and keratin

Question 31

what are the basophilic granules made of in the stratum granulosum ?

Answer 31

keratohyaline

Question 32

what happens to the number of granules in the stratum granulosum when you go from the first cell to the top layer?

Answer 32

there is a gradual increase in both number and size of these granules (first step in the formation of keratin)

Question 33

what comes together to make keratin in the stratum granulosum

Answer 33

Keratohyaline + cytokeratin -> keratin

Question 34

what is the intermediate filament protein called?

Answer 34

keratin

Question 35

what is the intermediate filament called?

Answer 35

tonofilament

Question 36

are the stratum lucidum or stratum granulosum cells flatter?

Answer 36

lucidum

Question 37

what color are the cells in the stratum lucidum?

Answer 37

clear and transparent

Question 38

are there granules in the stratum lucidum?

Answer 38

no

Question 39

are cells in the stratum lucidum basophilic or acidophilic

Answer 39

acidophilic

Question 40

What are cells filled with in the stratum lucidum that make them acidophilic?

Answer 40

eleidin

Question 41

what is eleidin considered in the formation of keratin

Answer 41

intermediate

Question 42

what areas of the skin have the stratum spinosum?

Answer 42

thick skin: only in the feet and palms of hands

Question 43

are thin and thick considered skin

Answer 43

no because to be skin you must have a dermis and epidermis

Question 44

is the thick skin at the base of our neck considered thick skin or thin skin?

Answer 44

thin skin because its not the palms of our hands feet

Question 45

where do we find thin skin?

Answer 45

everywhere but the palms of the hands and feet

Question 46

stratum corneum

Answer 46

outermost layer/surface layer, by the time the cells get here they are dead, and now we have keratin. this layer varies greatly in thickness

Question 47

callus

Answer 47

In areas with friction, skin is the thickest so it provides a barrier