Panopto 30: Respiratory system

Question 1

what is another name for small granule cells in the typical respiratory epithelium?

Answer 1

kulchitsky cells

Question 2

What do small granules or kulchitsky cells do? (typical respiratory epithelium)

Answer 2

diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES) they line the digestive tract

Question 3

describe the appearance of small granules (kulchitsky cells in the repiratory epithelium) and their size

Answer 3

characterized by the presence of dark secretory granules about 100-300 nm in diameter

Question 4

what are the two different populations of small granule cells

Answer 4

1. Catecholamines (epinephrine) APUD amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation: uptake amines and they are decarboxylated, turning them into hormones
2. Other chemical categories: serotonin, peptide hormones. They have a localized effect on some part of the respiratory system

Question 5

paracrine

Answer 5

hormone with a localized effect for the respiratory system (most of these)

Question 6

endocrine

Answer 6

Affect on another part of the body and transported by the circulatory system

Question 7

composition of the surface epithelium and lamina propria

Answer 7

1. ciliated simple columnar cells
2. club cells
3. goblet cells
4. smooth muscle in lamina propria

Question 8

what’s another name for club cells?

Answer 8

bronchiolar exocrine cells

Question 9

club cells

Answer 9

dome shaped and non ciliated. they have 2 secretions called…
1. surface active agent: lipoprotein: lowers surface tension and prevents collapse of the airways

2. club cell secretory proteins (CC16): protects the lining of the lower respiratory system by regulating the inflammatory process and its an antiviral protein

Question 10

goblet cells

Answer 10

gone, but people who smoke may have them due to the irritation; they should not be in the bronchioles. A metaplastic change that is precancerous

Question 11

smooth muscle in the lamina propria

Answer 11

smooth muscle controlled by the autonomic nervous system. The vagus nerve is parasympathetic; it controls restriction of the airways and contraction of the smooth muscle.
(sympathetic): dilation of the airway and relaxation of smooth muscle. For people with asthma, it’s these airways that give people problems. To counter this, people take sympathomimetic drugs (epinephrine) to mimic the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 12

respiratory bronchioles

Answer 12

alveoli and gas exchange occurs. has identical surface epithelium to the terminal bronchiole (typical respiratory epitherium) the gas exchange units however are not the same. Where the airway is interrupted (alveoli) they have simple squamous epithelium.

Question 13

alveolar duct

Answer 13

when the bronchioles become more alveoli than passageway

Question 14

alveolar sac

Answer 14

clusters of alveoli this means you’ve reached the end of the respiratory system

Question 15

component cells of alveolar epithelium

Answer 15

Type I pneumocyte (squamous alveolar cell)
Type II pneumocyte (great alveolar cell)
Brush cell: same brush cell seen in every other part of the respiratory system

Question 16

type I pneumocytes

Answer 16

squamous alveolar cells so squamous cells and 97% of the alveolar surface, very thin cytoplasm

Question 17

type II pneumocytes and what they secrete

Answer 17

3%, dome shaped cells, secretory granules lamellar bodies composed of lipids when secreted it forms pulmonary surfactant (DCCP) it decreases surface tension by being slippery so they alveoli can remain open

Question 18

dust cell

Answer 18

macrophages engulfing particular and work their way up the respiratory tree and get rid of them