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Paleontology Flashcards

1
Q

It is the resting ichnofossil/trace fossils
a. Cubichnia
b. Fodichnia
c. Passichnia
d. Repichnia
e. Domichnia

A

Cubichnia

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2
Q

It is the feeding ichnofossil/trace fossils
a. Cubichnia
b. Fodichnia
c. Passichnia
d. Repichnia
e. Domichnia

A

Fodichnia

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3
Q

It is the grazing ichnofossil/trace fossils
a. Cubichnia
b. Fodichnia
c. Passichnia
d. Repichnia
e. Domichnia

A

Passichnia

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4
Q

It is the crawling ichnofossil/trace fossils
a. Cubichnia
b. Fodichnia
c. Passichnia
d. Repichnia
e. Domichnia

A

Repichnia

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5
Q

It is the dwelling ichnofossil/trace fossils
a. Cubichnia
b. Fodichnia
c. Passichnia
d. Repichnia
e. Domichnia

A

Domichnia

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6
Q

Lagerstatten that contains one of the most important faunas in fossil record from the Cambrian Explosion

A

Burgess Shale

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7
Q

It is the golden age of trilobites and the age of invertebrates.

A

Cambrian

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8
Q

Ranges of multiple taxa overlap within a single zone
a. Concurrent-range zone
b. Partial-range zone
c. Total-range zone
d.Consecutive-range zone

A

Concurrent range zone

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9
Q

FAD and LAD of multiple taxa occur within the range of another fossil range.
a. Concurrent-range zone
b. Partial-range zone
c. Total-range zone
d. Consecutive-range zone

A

Partial-range zone

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10
Q

A biozone is defined by a set of several associated fossil species or genera.

A

Assemblage Zone

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11
Q

A type of biozone that contains an abundance of a single taxon.

A

Acme or Abundance zone

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12
Q

Organisms that live within the water column

A

Nektonic

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13
Q

Infaunal vs Epifaunal Benthic organisms

A

Infaunal - living beneath the sediment surface
Epifaunal - living above the sediment surface

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14
Q

Genus Australopithecus that has the largest molars in the Hominids Family.
a. Australopithecus anamensis
b. Australopithecus afarensis
c. Australopithecus africanus
d. Australopithecus boisei

A

Answer: Australopithecus boisei

Australopithecus anamensis (discovered in Kenya, oldest)
Australopithecus afarensis (“Lucy”, evolved brains and molars)
Australopithecus africanus (have fatter faces and larger brains)

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15
Q

Where is the Homo habilis, “Peking Man” found?
a. Africa
b. China
c. India
d. Indonesia

A

Peking Man - China
Java Man - Indonesia

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16
Q

The order of “bird-hipped” dinosaurs
a. Pterosauria
b. Crocodilia
c. Ornithischia

A

a. Pterosauria (Flying and Gliding dinos)
b. Crocodilia (Crocodiles)
c. Ornithischia (Bird-hipped dinos)

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17
Q

The suborder of “thick-headed lizards”
a. Stegosauria
b. Ankylosauria
c. Ceratopsia
d. Pachycephalosaurus

A

a. Stegosauria (Sophie)
b. Ankylosauria (Fused lizards)
c. Ceratopsia (Frilledor Horned dinosaurs)
d. Pachycephalosaurus (Thick-headed lizards)

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18
Q

The classes called “Platy Jawed Fishes” and “Bony Fishes”. Two answers.
a. Agnatha
b. Placoderms
c. Chondrichthyes
d. Acanthodians
e. Osteichthyes

A

a. Agnatha “Jawless fish”
b. Placoderms “Platy Jawed fish”
c. Chondrichthyes “Cartilaginous fish”
d. Acanthodians “Spiny Jawed fish”
e. Osteichthyes “Bony fish”

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19
Q

The holocene (recent) index fossil in the Philippines.
a. Schwagerina sp.
b. Globorotalia diminutus
c. Globorotalia calida
d. Globigerina digitata

A

a. Schwagerina sp. (Permian)
b. Globorotalia diminutus (Miocene)
c. Globorotalia calida (Pleistocene)
d. Globigerina digitata (Holocene)

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20
Q

The cretaceous index fossil in the Philippines.
a. Radiolaria
b. Orbitulina
c. Miscellenia sp.
d. Pulleniatina

A

a. Radiolaria (triassic)
b. Orbitulina (cretaceous)
c. Miscellenia sp. (paleocene)
d. Pulleniatina (pliocene)

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21
Q

“Crawl along bottom” organisms

A

Vagrant

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22
Q

“Swimmer” organisms

A

Nektonic

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23
Q

Trace fossil assemblage found in Sublittoral zone
a. Zoophycos
b. Cruziana
c. Skolithos
d. Nereites

A

a. Zoophycos (Bethyal Zone)
b. Cruziana (Sublittoral Zone)
c. Skolithos (Littoral Zone)
d. Nereites (Abyssal Zone)

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24
Q

Trace fossil assemblage found in Littoral zone
a. Zoophycos
b. Cruziana
c. Skolithos
d. Nereites

A

a. Zoophycos (Bethyal Zone)
b. Cruziana (Sublittoral Zone)
c. Skolithos (Littoral Zone)
d. Nereites (Abyssal Zone)

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25
Q

Speciation that occurs when a species separates into two separate groups that are isolated from one another. A physical barrier, such as a mountain range or a waterway, makes it impossible for them to breed with one another
a. Allopatric
b. Peripatric
c. Parapatric
d. Sympatric
e. Artificial

A

Answer: Allopatric (separate 2 groups, physical barrier)

b. Peripatric (separate 2 groups, larger and smaller groups, physical barrier)
c. Parapatric (separated by differences in the same environment, no barrier)
d. Sympatric (no barrier, close proximity, spontaneous separation)
e. Artificial (creation of new species by humans)

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26
Q

A speciation that occurs when there are no physical barriers preventing any members of a species from mating with another, and all members are in close proximity to one another. A new species, perhaps based on a different food source or characteristic, seems to develop spontaneously.

A

Answer: Sympatric (no barrier, close proximity, spontaneous separation)

a. Allopatric (separate 2 groups, physical barrier)
b. Peripatric (separate 2 groups, larger and smaller groups, physical barrier)
c. Parapatric (separated by differences in the same environment, no barrier)
e. Artificial (creation of new species by humans)

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27
Q

Cyanobacterial communities that have an irregular rather than layered form

A

Thrombolites

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28
Q

is a non-marine evaporite mineral.

A

Trona

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29
Q

Cruziana is the trace formed by which animal?

A

Trilobites

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30
Q

The three invertebrate groups that comprised the majority of Cambrian skeletonized life

A

Trilobites, Brachiopods, Archaeocyathids

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31
Q

The earliest reef-like structures were constructed by

A

Archaeocyathids

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32
Q

Index fossil of Ordivician and Silurian. It is a planktonic invertebrate

A

Graptolites

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33
Q

This group is from which amphibians are thought to have evolved.

a) Acanthodians
b) Chondrichthyans
c) Crossopterigians
d) Actinopterygians

A

Answer: Crossopterigians

• Acanthodians - Jawed Fishes
• Chondrichthyans - Cartilaginous Jawed Fishes
• Actinopterygians - Ray-finned fishes

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34
Q

A hardpan or soil crust normally rich in iron

A

Plinthite

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35
Q

Which of the following is an important characteristic of index fossils?

a. They are only found in igneous rocks
b. They existed for long periods of geological time
c. They had a limited geographical distribution
d. They existed for a short time but were geographically widespread

A

They existed for a short time but were geographically widespread

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36
Q

Which is the term used to describe morphological similarities shown by genetically distinct members of the same fossil phyla?
a. homomorphy
b. homeomorphy
c. paramorphy
d. hemimorphism

A

homomorphy

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37
Q

What is a mound-like or reef-like mass of rock built by sedentary organisms called?
a. biolithite
b. bioglyph
c. biostrome
d. Bioherm

A

Answer: Bioherm

Biostrome: A bedded mass of rock composed entirely of skeletal remains from organisms, often representing a specific depositional environment.
Biolithite: A carbonate rock formed from the skeletons of organisms that grew and remained in place, creating a rigid framework along with associated debris.

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38
Q

Which is the term used to describe morphological similarities shown by
genetically distinct members of the same fossil phyla?

A

homomorphy

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39
Q

What are acritarchs?

A

small microfossils of unknown affinity

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40
Q

What type of fossils are known as incertae sedis?
a. introduced later in sediments
b. whose stratigraphic position is unknown
c. whose classification is uncertain
d. which are pseudofossils

A

whose classification is uncertain

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41
Q

Which of the following among the ancient animal forms thrived from the Cambrian to the Devonian periods and has become extinct to be found only as fossil?
a. graptolites
b. trilobites
c. foraminifera
d. cystoids

A

graptolites

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42
Q

The science of palaeoagrostology deals with what subject?
a. study of fossil grasses
b. study of fossil spores
c. study of fossil ferns
d. study of fossil amoeba

A

study of fossil grasses

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43
Q

In palaeontology, the discipline of palaeoichthyology covers the study of
what?
a. fossil worms
b. fossil fishes
c. fossil traces
d. fossil cockroaches

A

fossil fishes

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44
Q

Palaeopalynology is the study of what fossils?
a. leaves and stems
b. pollen and spores
c. flowers
d. micro-sized animals

A

pollen and spores

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45
Q

Which is an important group of fossils that act as zone fossils for stratigraphic correlation on virtually worldwide scale?
a. Bryozoa
b. Radiolaria
c. Coelentrata
d. Foraminifera

A

Answer: Foraminifera

Coelentrata- a term encompassing the animal phyla Cnidaria (coral animals, true jellies, sea anemones, sea pens, and their relatives) and Ctenophora (comb jellies).

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46
Q

Raminafera are assigned to which phylum?
a. Porifera
b. Protozoa
c. Annelida
d. Polyzoa

A

Answer: Protozoa

a. Porifera - sponges
c. Annelida - segmented worms
d. Polyzoa - Bryozoa (“boob” animals)

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47
Q

The earliest fossils of foraminifers were recorded from which
stratigraphic unit?
a. Neoproterozoic
b. Lower Cambrian
c. Upper Cambrian
d. Lower Ordovician

A

Lower Cambrian

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48
Q

Which one of the following fossil groups is bivalve?
a. trilobite
b. gastropod
c. Brachiopod
d. ammonite

A

None

by the definition of bivalve, it has two symmetrical shells, brachiopods have 2 different shells.

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48
Q

For what is the Ediacara Formation of Australia famous?
a. largest assemblage of marine fossils
b. discovery of Precambrian trilobites
c. assemblage of metazoan fossils
d. earliest assemblage of stromatolites

A

assemblage of metazoan (differentiated cells) fossils

49
Q

Which one of the mollusks is a bivalve?
a. cephalopod
b. beleminite
c. nautolid
d. lamellibranch

A

Answer: Lamellibranch (typical seafood, white shell, grooved/striated outer shell)

a. cephalopod - with tentacles
b. beleminite - extinct tentacles
c. nautolid - lol its the famous Nautilus

50
Q

What is the name given to the apical part of a beleminte:
a. protoconch
b. teleconch
C. phragmacone
d. siphuncle

A

Belemnite: Extinct ancestors of cephalopods

Answer: protoconch (the upper head of the “squid”)

b. teleconch
C. phragmacone -the chambered part of the belemnite shell that aids in buoyancy
d. siphuncle - tube-like structure that connects the chambers of the phragmocone

51
Q

Which class of mollusks is coiled in shape?
a. Lamellibranchita
b. Ammonoidea
c. Nautiloidea
d. Placophora

A

Answer: Ammonoidea (Extinct) and Nautiloidea

Lamellibranchita - bivalve
Placophora - flattened body covered by multiple plates

52
Q

Which class of Mollusca is spiral in shape with an apex?
a. Amphineura
b. Scaphopoda
c. Cephalopoda
d. Gastropoda

A

Answer: Gastropoda (snails, slugs)

b. Scaphopoda - consists of tusk shells, which are elongated and tubular
c. Cephalopoda - tentacles

53
Q

A cephalopod which is coiled like a screw is described by which term?
a. evolute
b. brevicone
c. conispiral
d. involute

A

Answer: conispiral

a. evolute - shell where the whorls (radiating, and not necessarily spiral) are exposed
b. brevicone - shell that is short and broad
d. involute - shells where the whorls are tightly wound and partially hidden

54
Q

In which invertebrates would you find a part known as taxodont?
a. mollusk
b. nautiloids
c. porifers
d. crinoids

A

Taxodonts (of hinges)

Answer: Mollusks

55
Q

You would find the term ‘phragmocone’ in the description of which
fossils?
a. ammonites
b. brachiopods
c. Ostrocods
d. lamellibranches

A

The term phragmocone is associated with the fossils of ammonites (as their shells are characterized by a series of chambers divided by septa) and belemnites.

56
Q

Which is the characteristic property of the group Brachiopoda?
a. coiled shells
b. bivalve shells
c. absence of septa
d. presence of hypostrome

A

presence of hypostrome

57
Q

In which stratigraphic horizon are the first brachiopod fossils found?
a. Neoprotrozoic
b. Cambrian
c. Ordovician
d. Devonian

A

Cambrian

58
Q

Lamellibranchs are a class of which group of animals?
a. Mollusca
b. Crustacia
c. Onychophora
d. Echinodermata

A

Mollusca

59
Q

A lamellibranch with one muscle scar to each valve is called?
a. anisomyarian
b. dimyarian
c. isomyarian
d. monomyarian

A

monomyarian

60
Q

Conodonts are considered fossils of which part of animals?
a. jaws
b. teeth
c. vertebrae
d. talons

A

teeth

61
Q

Ammonites became extinct in which geological age?
a. Permian
b. Triassic
c. Jurassic
d. Cretaceous

A

Cretaceous

62
Q

The earliest geological record of a scaphopod is from which period?
a. Ordovician
b. Silurian
c. Devonian
d. Permian

A

Scaphopod (mollusks, “tusk shells”)
Answer: Ordovician

63
Q

To which classification does a fossil fish belong which has incompletely ossified exoskeleton?
a. Selachii
b. Dipnoi
c. Ganoids
d. Teleosts

A

Answer: Ganoids

a. Selachii - sharks and rays
b. Dipnoi - lungfishes
d. Teleosts - more advanced bony fishes with fully ossified skeletons.

64
Q

Family Equidae includes fossils of which animal?
a. dog
b. rodent
c. giant pig
d. horse

A

horse

65
Q

The greatest modern site for hominid research on the globe is situated where?
a. Caves in northern China
b. Piltdown in England
c. Kenyan part of Great Rift Valley
d. Narmada Valley

A

Kenyan part of Great Rift Valley

66
Q

Ramapithecus is an important hominid fossil. What is its stratigraphic
range?
a. Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene
b. Lower Miocene-Lower Pliocene
c. Lower Pliocene-Lower Pleistocene
d. Upper Pliocene-Lower Pleistocene

A

Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene (about 16.6 million to 5.3 million years ago)

67
Q

Characterized by modern reptiles such as lizards and snakes.
a. Archosauria
b. Taptosauria
c. Lepidosauria
d. Stegosauridae

A

Answer: Lepidosauria

a. Archosauria - includes all dinosaurs, birds, and crocodilians

68
Q

The oldest dinosaur fossil in the world was discovered from which geological horizon?
a. Late Carboniferous
b. Late Permian
c. Middle Triassic
d. Lower Jurassic

A

Middle Triassic

69
Q

Which is the smallest known dinosaur at about the size of a chicken?
a. Archeopterex
b. Compsognathus
c. Seismosaurus
d. Barapasaurus

A

Answer: Compsognathus

a. Archeopterex - first bird
c. Seismosaurus - ~40 meters, long neck and tail
d. Barapasaurus - ~20 m, long neck and tail

70
Q

The first dinosaur remains were reported from strata how many million years back?
a. 320
b. 270
c. 230
d. 200

A

230 MA (mid-triassic)

71
Q

Traces occurring within the casting medium are known as?
a. epichnia
b. hypichnia
c. exichnia
d. endichnia

A

Answer: hypichnia

a. epichnia - on the surface

72
Q
  1. The Gondwana fossil Vertebraria is believed to be which part of a plant?
    a. leaf
    b. branch
    c. root
    d. stem
A

root

73
Q

Another important Gondwana leaf fossil is named as
a. Belemnopteris
b. Gangamopteris
c. Pterygospermum
d. Rusangea

A

Gangamopteris (very similar to Glossopteris)

74
Q

The well-known Gondwana fossil Glossopteris is leaf of which group of plants
a. cycadeles
b. ferns
c. gymnosperms
d. conifers

A

gymnosperms (seed plants)

75
Q

Fossils of angiosperms appear first in rocks of which geological age?
a. Upper Jurassic
b. Lower Cretaceous
c. Upper Cretaceous
d. Danian

A

Lower Cretaceous

76
Q

What is the term for fossil fern plants?
a. spermatophytes
b. bryophytes
c. pteridophytes
d. thallophytes

A

Answer: pteridophytes

a. spermatophytes (seed-bearing)
b. bryophytes (non-vascular, mosses)
d. thallophytes (no true stems, algae, fungi)

77
Q

A plant body without differentiation into root, stem and leaf is known
as?
a. filament
b. membrane
c. bark
d. thallus

A

thallus

78
Q

When did flowering plants first appear in the geological
record?
a. Triassic
b. Jurassic
c. Cretaceous
d. Palacocene

A

Cretaceous

79
Q

What was the earliest eukaryotic organism widespread in the
Proterozoic?
a. Chroococus
b. Tawuia
c. Conophyton
d. Chuaria

A

Chuaria

80
Q

When did fossil plants first appear in the geological record?
a. Upper Ordovician
b. Lower Silurian
c. Upper Silurian
d. Lower Devonian

A

Upper Ordovician

81
Q

A dinosaur fossil park designated a World Heritage Site has been
established where in the world?
a. Saketi in Himachal Pradesh
b. Alberta, Canada
c. Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, USA
d. Yosemite, California, USA

A

Alberta, Canada

82
Q

Which is the structure morphologically very similar to stromatolites but is abiogenic?
a. cabonado
b. geyserite
c. speleothem
d. calcrete

A

geyserite

83
Q

Which of the following is an example of a branching stromatolite?
a. Stratifera
b. Colonnella
c. Baicalia
d. Kussoidella

A

Answer: Baicalia

a. Stratifera - laminated
b. Colonnella - columnar shape but lacks the distinct branching

84
Q

Collenia is a commonly found stromatolite. What does it look like?
a. branching columns
b. concentric
c. wavy laminae
d. conical domes

A

wavy laminae

85
Q

Which is the famous locality where stromatolites can be seen in the process of formation even today?
a. Yellowstone Park,
b. Lake Baikal, Russia
c. Chilka Lake, Orissa
d) Shark Bay Western Australia

A

Answer: Shark Bay Western Australia

86
Q

The oldest stromatolites are known to occur from where?
a. Bijawar Group of India
b. Marble Bar in the Pilbara
c. Gun Flint formation of Ontario
d. Ediacara Formation of Australia

A

Marble Bar in the Pilbara

87
Q

What was the name of the scientist who coined the term “stromatolite”?
a. M. R. Walter
b. Bertrand-Sarfati
c. H. J. Hofmann
d. Kalkowsky

A

Ernst Louis Kalkowsky

88
Q

A sedimentary structure left by a living organism, both fossil and living, is known as?
a. cryptozoon
b. lebensspur
c. zoophyte
d. paleophyte

A

lebensspur

89
Q

Modern-day algal stromatolite mats are found in which area?
a. Great Barrier Reef
b. off Fiji
c. off Nancowry Island
d. off Bermuda

A

Shark Bay, Western Australia - Great Barrier Reef is the nearest answer

90
Q

What are small variously-shaped, concentrically laminated structureS called?
a. sphurilite
b. oncolite
c. cryptozoon
d. coccoid

A

oncolite

91
Q

Who was the geologist who coined the term ‘Gondwanaland?
a. A.L. Du Toit
b. Comte de Buffon
c. Alfred Wegener
d. Eduard Suess

A

Eduard Suess

92
Q

In which geological time is Gondwanaland thought to
have broken up?
a. Carboniferous
b. Permian
c. Mesozoic
d. Eocene

A

Mesozoic

93
Q

The apparent match between deposits of which geological age between India and Australia suggests that they were joined together?
a. Triassic
b. Devonian
c. Palaeocene
d. Permian

A

Permian

94
Q

Name the class of fish common to South America, Africa and Australia which is used as an evidence that once the continents were together?
a. Ganoids
b. Dipnoi
c. Selachii
d. Teleosts

A

Answer: Dipnoi (Lungfishes)

a. Ganoids (rhomb-shaped scales, e.g. sturgeons)
c. Selachii (rays and sharks)
d. Teleosts (the largest group of bony fish)

95
Q

The geosyncline that has thick sediments with an abundance of
volcanic rocks is classified as what?
a. parageosyncline
b. autogeosyncline
c. eugeosyncline
d. miogeosyncline

A

Answer: eugeosyncline

a. parageosyncline - shallow sandstone and limestone
b. autogeosyncline - accumulation of sediments from the adjacent land areas, may not be volcanic
d. miogeosyncline - the shallow inner segments of geosynclines

96
Q

Studies of fossils and radioactive isotopes have shown that the Earth’s magnetic field had flip-flopped, north and south, several times. How many times at least?

A

~ 183, some sources say ~ 171

97
Q

What are the rocks that form the upper part of the oceanic crust?
a. sedimentary
b. solidified oozes
c. basaltic lavas
a. acidic lavas

A

Basaltic lavas (Since we are only talking about the crust itself, not including the sedimentary covers of the oceanic crust)

98
Q

What is the number of major lithospheric plates?
a. five
b. six
c. seven
d. eight

A

Seven (Pacific Plate, North American Plate, Eurasian Plate, African Plate, Antarctic Plate, Indo-Australian Plate, South American Plate)

99
Q

An ____ identifies and dates the strata in which it is
found. It combines awide geographic range with anarrow
stratigraphic occurrence.

A

index fossil

100
Q

When did the first land plants appear?

A

Ordovician

101
Q

When did the first fishes appear?

A

Cambrian

102
Q

When did the first insects appear?

A

Devonian

103
Q

When did the first reptiles appear?

A

Carboniferous

104
Q

When did the first amphibians appear?

A

Devonian

105
Q

When did the first dinosaurs appear?

A

Triassic

106
Q

When did the first mammals appear?

A

Triassic

107
Q

When did the first birds appear?

A

Jurassic

108
Q

When did the first flowering plants appear?

A

Cretaceous

109
Q

First Eukaryote

A

Bangiomorphia (1.2GA/Proterozoic)

110
Q

Konznetrat- vs. Konzervat-Lagerstatten

A

Konznetrat(consentrat)-Lagerstatten - high concentration of fossil
Konzervat(conserva-Lagerstatten - exceptional preservation of fossils

111
Q

What is the age of a trilobite fossil?

A

Answer: Cambrian

Marine Macrofossils:

Trilobites - Cambrian
Graptolites - Silurian, Ordovician
Brachiopods - Silurian
Ammonoids (Tentacled Spiral Shell) - Mesozoic (Cretaceous)
Goniatites (Early Ammonoids) - Devonian, Carboniferous
Gastropods (Snails, slugs) - Cenozoic
Echinoderms (Sea Urchins) - Cretaceous
Crinoids (Sea Lilies) - Paleozoic
Corals - Devonian, Mississippian

112
Q

What is the age of a graptolite fossil?

A

Answer: Ordovician-Silurian

Marine Macrofossils:

Trilobites - Cambrian
Graptolites - Silurian, Ordovician
Brachiopods - Silurian
Ammonoids (Tentacled Spiral Shell) - Mesozoic (Cretaceous)
Goniatites (Early Ammonoids) - Devonian, Carboniferous
Gastropods (Snails, slugs) - Cenozoic
Echinoderms (Sea Urchins) - Cretaceous
Crinoids (Sea Lilies) - Paleozoic
Corals - Devonian, Mississippian

113
Q

What is the age of a brachiopod fossil?

A

Answer: Silurian

Marine Macrofossils:

Trilobites - Cambrian
Graptolites - Silurian, Ordovician
Brachiopods - Silurian
Ammonoids (Tentacled Spiral Shell) - Mesozoic (Cretaceous)
Goniatites (Early Ammonoids) - Devonian, Carboniferous
Gastropods (Snails, slugs) - Cenozoic
Echinoderms (Sea Urchins) - Cretaceous
Crinoids (Sea Lilies) - Paleozoic
Corals - Devonian, Mississippian

114
Q

What is the age of an ammonoid fossil?

A

Answer: Mesozoic (Cretaceous)

Marine Macrofossils:

Trilobites - Cambrian
Graptolites - Silurian, Ordovician
Brachiopods - Silurian
Ammonoids (Tentacled Spiral Shell) - Mesozoic (Cretaceous)
Goniatites (Early Ammonoids) - Devonian, Carboniferous
Gastropods (Snails, slugs) - Cenozoic
Echinoderms (Sea Urchins) - Cretaceous
Crinoids (Sea Lilies) - Paleozoic
Corals - Devonian, Mississippian

115
Q

What is the age of a goniatite fossil?

A

Answer: (Early Ammonoids) Devonian-Carboniferous

Marine Macrofossils:

Trilobites - Cambrian
Graptolites - Silurian, Ordovician
Brachiopods - Silurian
Ammonoids (Tentacled Spiral Shell) - Mesozoic (Cretaceous)
Goniatites (Early Ammonoids) - Devonian, Carboniferous
Gastropods (Snails, slugs) - Cenozoic
Echinoderms (Sea Urchins) - Cretaceous
Crinoids (Sea Lilies) - Paleozoic
Corals - Devonian, Mississippian

116
Q

What is the age of a Gastropod fossil?

A

Answer: (Snails, slugs) Cenozoic

Marine Macrofossils:

Trilobites - Cambrian
Graptolites - Silurian, Ordovician
Brachiopods - Silurian
Ammonoids (Tentacled Spiral Shell) - Mesozoic (Cretaceous)
Goniatites (Early Ammonoids) - Devonian, Carboniferous
Gastropods (Snails, slugs) - Cenozoic
Echinoderms (Sea Urchins) - Cretaceous
Crinoids (Sea Lilies) - Paleozoic
Corals - Devonian, Mississippian

117
Q

What is the age of a Echinoderm fossil?

A

Answer: Cretaceous

Marine Macrofossils:

Trilobites - Cambrian
Graptolites - Silurian, Ordovician
Brachiopods - Silurian
Ammonoids (Tentacled Spiral Shell) - Mesozoic (Cretaceous)
Goniatites (Early Ammonoids) - Devonian, Carboniferous
Gastropods (Snails, slugs) - Cenozoic
Echinoderms (Sea Urchins) - Cretaceous
Crinoids (Sea Lilies) - Paleozoic
Corals - Devonian, Mississippian

118
Q

What is the age of a Crinoid fossil?

A

Answer: Paleozoic

Marine Macrofossils:

Trilobites - Cambrian
Graptolites - Silurian, Ordovician
Brachiopods - Silurian
Ammonoids (Tentacled Spiral Shell) - Mesozoic (Cretaceous)
Goniatites (Early Ammonoids) - Devonian, Carboniferous
Gastropods (Snails, slugs) - Cenozoic
Echinoderms (Sea Urchins) - Cretaceous
Crinoids (Sea Lilies) - Paleozoic
Corals - Devonian, Mississippian

119
Q

What is the age of a coral fossil?

A

Answer: Devonian, Mississippian

Marine Macrofossils:

Trilobites - Cambrian
Graptolites - Silurian, Ordovician
Brachiopods - Silurian
Ammonoids (Tentacled Spiral Shell) - Mesozoic (Cretaceous)
Goniatites (Early Ammonoids) - Devonian, Carboniferous
Gastropods (Snails, slugs) - Cenozoic
Echinoderms (Sea Urchins) - Cretaceous
Crinoids (Sea Lilies) - Paleozoic
Corals - Devonian, Mississippian

Board Exam (22 decks)

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