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Board Exam > Mineral Economics and Mining Geology > Flashcards

Mineral Economics and Mining Geology Flashcards

1
Q

It has a hole diameter of 122.6 mm and core diameter of 85 mm

A

PQ

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2
Q

It has a hole diameter of 48 mm and core diameter of 27 mm

A

AQ

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3
Q

It has a hole diameter of 75.7 mm and core diameter of 47.6 mm

A

NQ

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4
Q

A map that can either be a topographic map or an aerial photograph of the area which orients the map user to the location of the details within the geologic map.

A

Base Map

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5
Q

What is the differences between large- and small-scale maps?

A

Large-scale - high ratio (ex. 1:1,000)
Small-scale - small ratio (ex. 1:1,000,000)

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6
Q

A type of drill that utilizes a helical drill that digs through the material and acts as a conveyor to remove the material.

A

Auger Drill

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7
Q

A type of drill that utilizes a helical drill that digs through the material and acts as a conveyor to remove the material.

A

Auger Drill

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8
Q

A method of drilling that uses a diamond drill bit used to cut through and recover core samples

A

Diamond-Core

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9
Q

A type of drilling that uses a dual-walled rod, which means it has an inner rod where the core cuttings pass through to be transported out.

A

Reverse-Circulation

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10
Q

A drilling method which employs the use of sharp, rotating drill bits to cut through the material.

A

Hydraulic Rotary

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11
Q

A method of shallow, lateral excavation that is usually best done with an overburden of less than 3 m.

A

Trenching

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12
Q

A method of vertically excavating from the surface or from one level to another in an underground mine.

A

Winzing

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13
Q

An RQD value of 60% is labelled as:
a. Poor
b. Fair
c. Good
d. Excellent

A

Fair

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14
Q

An RQD value of 40% is labelled as:
a. Poor
b. Fair
c. Good
d. Excellent

A

Poor

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15
Q

An RQD value of 85% is labelled as:
a. Poor
b. Fair
c. Good
d. Excellent

A

Good

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16
Q

What core sizes are not allowed for RQD?

A

AQ and BQ

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17
Q

A mechanical, surface mining method that involves creating a deep, wide pit, that’s supported by benches, for excavating shallow metal or nonmetal deposits.

A

Open Pit

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18
Q

A mechanical, surface mining method that involves creating a deep, wide pit, that’s supported by benches, for excavating shallow metal or nonmetal deposits.

A

Open Pit

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19
Q

A mechanical surface mining for dimension stones or aggregates which involves slicing large, vertical benches of the commodity.

A

Quarrying

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20
Q

A mechanical, surface mining often interchangeable with “strip mining” and is similar to ope-pit mining but for a more shallower deposits. Common for coal and nickel laterite deposits.

A

Open Cast

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21
Q

A mining method that involves stripping by following a specific contour of the deposits.

A

Contour

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22
Q

A mechanical surface mining method commonly used for extracting commodities from seams.

A

Auger

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23
Q

A non-mechanical method that utilizes manpower to sieve through the alluvial deposits for the ore.

A

Panning

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24
Q

An aqueous, surface mining method that utilizes the power of jet streams of water to break the orebody and retrieve the ore. It has been banned in some countries.

A

Hydraulicking

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25
Q

An aqueous surface mining method that extracts minerals along streams where the minerals have accumulated as unconsolidated alluvial deposits.

A

Placer

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26
Q

An aqueous surface mining that involves extracting minerals contained in sediments partly underwater or in shallow bodies of water using an excavator.

A

Dredging

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27
Q

An aqueous surface mining method that extracts minerals in situ by utilizing different solutions which can leach them out. Linked with uranium deposits.

A

In-situ leaching

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28
Q

An unsupported underground mining method that is one of the oldest methods, and is done by developing a grid, which are then used to self-support the system. For flat lying deposits.

A

Room and Pillar

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29
Q

An unsupported underground mining method that is similar to Room and Pillar having only the shape of the pillars left. Irregular spaces.

A

Stope and Pillar

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30
Q

An unsupported underground mining method where the ore is excavated horizontally and is progressively excavated upwards, while being extracted at the bottom through funnels.

A

Shrinking Stoping

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31
Q

An unsupported mining method that is done by creating patterned drillings through a steeply dipping ore body through stopes in sublevels and then blasted before collecting the broken ore.

A

Sublevel Stoping

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32
Q

An underground mining method in which the ore and surrounding waste rock are both blasted and allowed to cave as ore is extracted from lower sublevels. Commonly done in steeply dipping ore bodies and the operation is done in the footwall.

A

Sublevel Caving

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33
Q

A supported underground mining method where the ore is mined horizontally in levels progressing upwards and backfilled once the ore has been extracted and serves as the new platform for the upper level.

A

Cut and Fill Stoping

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34
Q

True or False. Waste rock is efficiently used as a backfill material in many mining methods.

A

True

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35
Q

An old, supported underground mining method that heavily relies on square set-timbering as support system for every square set of excavated parts of the ore body, which is eventually backfilled after one section is mined out.

A

Square Set Stoping

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36
Q

A caving underground mining of flat-lying, and relatively thin, tabular deposits, usually coal, where shearing machineries are used to extract coal as it travels back and forth across its coal face. As the shearers cross the coalface, moveable roof supports are installed to support the overlying strata

A

Longwall stoping

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37
Q

A caving underground method for hard rock that involves mining the ore body from under and allowing it to collapse on its own. It is considered as an underground analog of open-pit mining. The method utilizes funnels where the orebody is lead to for extraction.

A

Block Caving

38
Q

Define Upstream, Midstream, and Downstream Industries

A

Upstream: Identification, Extraction, and Production of goods
Midstream: Transportation and Storage services
Downstream: Processing, Post-production, Bringing to consumers

39
Q

Gross vs Net Income

A

Gross - Total income without accounting tax and royalties
Net - Total income accounting tax and royalties

40
Q

A tax imposed by the government for the income generated the generally amounts to ____% of the net income.

A

Income tax; 32%

41
Q

A tax imposed by the government for the production, sales and/or consumption generated that amounts to ___% of the gross sales.

A

Excise Tax; 4%

42
Q

How many grams in 1 oz?

A

28.35 g

43
Q

A mining company has two stockpiles of Nickel ore: A: 9000MT with 1.5% Nickel and B: 7000MT with 2.4% Nickel. Determine the total tonnage of ore needed if the buyer requires a minimum grade of 2.0% Nickel.

A
  • Since Stockpile A did not meet the minimum requirements, “x” MT of it is used to dilute Stockpile B with to lower total grade and meet the minimum grade requirement.

(70000.024) + (x 0.015) = ((x+7000)*0.02)

x = 5600 MT
Tonnage = 7000 MT (from B) + 5600 MT (from A)
Tonnage = 12600 MT at 2.0% Ni

44
Q

Minimum amount of mineral deposits for it to be considered world class deposits
a. Gold
b. Silver
C. Copper
d. Zinc
e. Lead

A

a. Gold - 100 MT
b. Silver - 2,400 MT
C. Copper - 2,000,000 MT
d. Zinc - 1,700,000 MT
e. Lead - 1,000,000 MT

45
Q

A group made up of representatives from various organizations that aim to standardize the code for reporting exploration, mineral resource and mineral reserve results. They are responsible for drafting JORC and PMRC.

A

Committee for Mineral Reserves International Reporting Standards (CRIRSCO)

46
Q

A geometric resource estimation method that utilizes the area of a certain drillhole to estimate the grade for a specific depth and point.

A

Area of Influence method

47
Q

A geometric resource estimation method best used for uneven drillhole spacing and estimates the area of Influence by extending it halfway through the distance from its neighboring drillholes, resulting in varying areas.

A

Polygon Method

48
Q

Area of a rhombus

A

A = h((a+b)/2)

49
Q

A geometric resource estimation method based on elevation of the area. It utilizes the area of a rhombus.

A

Contour Method

50
Q

A geometric resource estimation method used for elongated, irregularly-shaped deposits, and is applicable when the vertical distance is greater than the horizontal distance of each drill hole.

A

Cross-Section Method

51
Q

A geostatistical resource estimstion method that assigns a value to a block based on nearest available data to the centroid of a block.

A

Nearest Neighbor Method

52
Q

A geostatistical resource estimation method based on the empirical observation that the bearing of each sample is proportional to an inverse power of the distance from the location of the estimated point to the samples.

A

Inverse Distance Weighting Method

53
Q

A geostatistical resource estimation method that applies the concepts of ellipsoid search radius derived from variograms plotted from data acquired from samples.

A

Ordinary Kriging Method

54
Q

The following are Porphyry Cu-Au deposits except:
a. Taganito Mining Corp.
b. Dipidio Mine
c. Padcal Mine
d. Philex Mining Corp.

A

Taganito Mining Corp

55
Q

Which of the following employs cut and fill stoping mining method?
a. Dipidio Mine
b. Apex Mining Co. Inc.
c. Co-O Mine
d. Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company

A

Apex Mining Co. Inc. (Cut and Fill) and Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company (Shrinkage Stoping and Cut and Fill)

56
Q

Which of the following employs block caving mining method?
a. Co-O Mine
b. Silangan Mindanao Mining Co.
c. Philex Mining Corporation
d. Oceana Gold

A

a. Co-O Mine (Shrinkage, Stope and Pillar)
b. Silangan Mindanao Mining Co. (Sublevel Caving)
c. Philex Mining Corporation (Block Caving)
d. Oceana Gold (Open-pit, Shrinkage)

57
Q

A horizontal opening driven from the surface which give access to the orebody. It is not open at both ends unlike tunnels.

A

Adit

58
Q

An alloy of mercury and other metals

A

Amalgam

59
Q

Entries at the back of the panel where the extraction begins and provide continuity in mine ventilation.
a. Bulkhead
b. Bleeder entries
c. Breakthrough
d. Breast

A

Bleeder entries

60
Q

A timber or concrete dam to hold air, tailings or water in place.
a. Bulkhead
b. Bleeder entries
c. Breakthrough
d. Breast

A

Bulkhead

61
Q

A passage that allows the ventilating current to pass from one room to another
a. Bulkhead
b. Bleeder entries
c. Breakthrough
d. Breast

A

Breakthrough

62
Q

The vertical end surface of a working heading.
a. Bulkhead
b. Bleeder entries
c. Breakthrough
d. Breast

A

Breast

63
Q

a non-explosive blasting system. The ultimate solution for build-up & blockage issues in storage vessels, pre-heaters, coolers, inlet chambers, silos, raw feed mills, riser ducts, rotary kilns, and other high-heat process equipment. It utilizes the expansion properties of liquid carbon dioxide.

A

Cardox

64
Q

A permitted device used in some English coal mines using a powder charge composed of ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate.

A

Hydrox

65
Q

A baked mixture of caustic soda and lime, used in the container or regenerator of self-contained mine rescue or oxygen breathing apparatus to absorb inhaled CO2.

A

Cardoxide

66
Q

A hydraulically actuated road support.
a. Chocks
b. Collar
c. Girt
d. Pack

A

Chocks

67
Q

An artificial support system made from shaped rocks, concrete or pumice blocks.
a. Chocks
b. Collar
c. Girt
d. Pack

A

Pack

68
Q

Is the caved area produced from the collapse of the mined out portion of the deposits.
a. Easer
b. Mole
c. Stull
d. Gob

A

Gob

69
Q

A process for mining sulfur in which superheated water is forced into the sulfur deposit to melt it.

A

Frasch Process

70
Q

Weight of waste to be extracted to mine one unit weight of ore (waste to ore ratio)

A

Stripping Ratio

71
Q

As pit dimensions get bigger, the stripping ratio exponentially increases also. When the stripping ratio reaches a threshold where increasing pit size is no longer economic, a term called:

A

Maximum stripping ratio

72
Q

refers to dirt and rock piled alongside a haulage road or along the edge of a dump point

A

Berm

73
Q

Slopes are steepened in its final stage to achieve a low stripping ratio.

A

Ultimate Slope

74
Q

Composition of Monel Metal Alloy composition

A

Nickel and Copper

75
Q

Minimum Concentration needed for Copper, Gold, Nickel, and Silver in ppm for mining

A

Copper - 3,000 ppm
Gold - 0.5 ppm
Nickel - 2,000 ppm
Silver - 500 ppm

76
Q

Describe how the cooling process provides a way of sorting out and concentrating metals to a potentially mineable grade.

A

“Cool… Dump the dull stuff, skim off the cream”

As volcanoes erupt, pressure is relieved in the magma chamber allowing parts of its minerals to crystallize.

These crystals are usually silicates (refer to Bowen’s on T and P changes) which are of no economic value leaving the melt/hydrothermal fluid enriched with precious metals.

Since magma input is not a one time event and volcanic eruption is also not a one time event, the melt/hydrothermal fluid will be super-enriched and will deposit precious metals on different levels as it travels upwards due to meteoric conditions.

77
Q

True or False. A sulfur rich host rock is more important than a Copper/Nickel rich melt to produce heavy Ni-Cu sulfide melt.

A

True. Magma absorbs sulfur from surrounding rocks producing heavy Ni-Cu sulfide melt that settles in the bottom of the melt and cools to produce massive sulfide.

78
Q

a highly altered granitic rock or pegmatite, usually composed predominantly of quartz and micas

A

Greisen

79
Q

Source most of world’s Ni and PGE’s, Cr

A

Mafic Layered Complexes

80
Q

36% of Ni production is from:

A

Cu-Ni Sulfide Deposits

81
Q

Cu-Ni Massive Sulphide deposit in Canada hypothesized to have caused by meteorite impact

A

Sudbury

82
Q

Cu-Ni Massive Sulphide deposit in Russia where mineralization is hosted by 6 separate intrusions that formed feeders to the Siberian Traps

A

Norilsk

83
Q

Cu-Ni Massive Sulphide deposit in Canada which was discovered in 1993. 4% of world Ni production.

A

Voisey’s Bay

84
Q

PGE-Cr Deposit in South Africa which hosts 80% of world’s PGE resources, and 60% of production. Average grade is 5-8 g/t.

A

Bushveld Complex

85
Q

PGE-Cr Deposit in Montana. Interbedded pyroxenites, dunites and gabbros. Cr/Cu/Ni produced in WW2. It produced the 13% of world production of PGEs in 2005. Average grade is 10 g/t.

A

Stillwater Complex

86
Q

PGE-Cr Deposit in Zimbabwe. Interbedded pyroxenites, dunites and gabbros. It produced the 270K oz Pt or 7% of world production. Average grade is <4 g/t.

A

Great Dyke

87
Q

Company founded by Cecil Rhodes when diamonds were discovered in a small mining town of Kimberley in South Africa.

A

de Beers company

88
Q

Diamodiferous kimberlites almost always found above _______.

A

Archaean cratons (>2.5 BY)

89
Q

Town that produced a 0.09 g/t grade of diamond
a. Letseng
b. Jwaneng
c. Orapa
d. Premier

A

a. Letseng (0.004g/t)
b. Jwaneng (0.09 g/t)
c. Orapa (0.24 g/t)
d. Premier (g,788 g/t)

90
Q

The ______________ is the world’s largest gold mine and the highest situated mine in the world.

A

Grasberg mine

91
Q
A

Board Exam (17 decks)

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