Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Board Exam > Geochemistry > Flashcards

Geochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Comprises the minimum number of chemicals, both atomic and molecular, species required to specify completely the compositions of all the phases present.

A

Component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

An invariant point point in the phase diagram where the maximum number of allowable phases intersect and are in equilibrium. It could also be a point where Solidus and liquidus intersect.

A

Eutectic point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

State of equilibrium with 0 degrees of freedom.

A

Invariant Equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

An invariant point in a phase diagram where two faces that could never co-exist together react with each other to produce a new phase.

A

Peritectic Point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Enumerate the Light Rare Earth Elements

A

Mnemonics: Loyal Champions Protect Noble Princes, Seeking Emeralds

Lanthanum, Cerium, Praseodymium, NEODYMIUM, Promethium, Samarium, EUROPIUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Enumerate the Heavy Rare Earth Elements

A

Mnemonics - Young Giants Tame Dragons, Holding Every Treasure You Love

YTTRIUM, Gadolinium, TERBIUM, DYSPROSIUM, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, Lutetium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe Sb/Sr magma signature.

A

Geochem signature of magma assimilation process. If melt has high Rb (incompatible element for melts) it will produce more Sr.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe Sm/Nd magma signature.

A

Geochem signature of magma assimilation process. Sm is more compatible with the melt during partial melting compared to Nd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the Mg# and Fo# magma signature.

A

relationship of olivine and coexisting basaltic melt by studying Mg and Fe Content.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe Cr# magma signature.

A

The geochem signature of mantle derived magma. Fertile unaltered mantle originates as Lherzolite. Lherzolite evolves into tholeiitic basalt, leaving Dunite and Harzburgite as refractory residuum enriched with Cr.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the trend of TiO2, FeO, MgO, CaO, P2O5, K2O, Na2O, and Al2O3 with increasing silica.

A

a. Decrease in TiO2, FeO, MgO, CaO, P2O5
b. Increase in K2O, Na2O
c. No strong variation in Al2O3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Determines the elements present in a material by measuring the secondary x-ray emitted by a sample when it is agitated by a primary x-ray source.

A

X-Ray Fluorescence
• Fluorescent (Secondary x-ray)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Quantifying present compounds in minerals, rocks, soils and particulates by detecting signature x-ray diffraction pattern.

A

X-Ray Diffraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Quantitative determination of elements present in a material by using their absorption of optical radiation (light) by free atoms in the gaseous state.

A

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Determining elements present in a material by quantifying the number of ions at a certain mass of the element.

A

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Analytical technique that determines elemental mercury content.

A

Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA-80)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Analytical technique that provides detailed information on chemical structure, phase and polymorphy, crystallinity and molecular interactions of a sample based on how light interacts with the chemical bonds.

A

Raman Spectroscopy

18
Q

Enumerate the Platinum Group Elements

A

Platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os) and iridium (Ir)

19
Q

Siderophiles that are mostly used to study melting and crystallization in mafic-ultramafic systems where these said elements are typically hosted by sulfides
a. REE
b. Sc
c. PGEs
d. Sr

A

Platinum Group Elements

20
Q

Indicates pyroxene fractionalization as it is concentrated in pyroxenes.
a. REE
b. Sc
c. PGEs
d. Sr

A

Scandium

21
Q

A compatible element/elements in low P and may substitute for Ca in plagioclases and K in K-felds.
a. REE
b. Sc
c. PGEs
d. Sr

A

Strontium

22
Q

Indicates source characteristics and liquid evolution.
a. REE
b. Sc
c. PGEs
d. Sr

A

REEs

23
Q

Commonly incompatible and strongly partitioned into garnet and amphiboles.
a. Y
b. Ni, Co, Cr
c. Zr, Hf
d. Nb, Ta

A

Yttrium

24
Q

High compatibility where high concentrations show an indication of a mantle source, limited fractionation, or crystal accumulation.
a. Y
b. Ni, Co, Cr
c. Zr, Hf
d. Nb, Ta

A

Nickel, Cobalt, Chromium

25
Q

High incompatibility where high concentrations implies an enriched source or extensive liquid evolution.
a. Y
b. Ni, Co, Cr
c. Zr, Hf
d. Nb, Ta

A

Zirconium and Hafnium

26
Q

HFSE elements where low concentrations is an indication of subduction related melts environment and is commonly associated with Ti-rich phases such as Titanite and Ti-amphibole.
a. Y
b. Ni, Co, Cr
c. Zr, Hf
d. Nb, Ta

A

Niobium and Tantalum

27
Q

The hottest Geothermal Resource type

A

Hot Rock

28
Q

What type of Geothermal Enthalpy is the Philippines classified? What is the temperature range?

A

High Enthalpy (>150°C)

29
Q

A nonthermal manifestation of hydrothermal/geothermal systems.

A

Kaipohan or “Cold springs”

30
Q

Minerals that appear at temperatures greater than 200°C in Geothermal environments.

A

Epidote and Illite

31
Q

Mineral geothermometer that appears at low temp and alkaline environments. What is its counterpart? (High T, acidic environment)

A

Calcite and Silica respectively

32
Q

Mineral geothermometer that appears at low temperature and acidic environments where steam mixes with meteoric water due to throttling.

A

Kaolinite

33
Q

The Father of Philippine Geothermal Development.

A

Arturo Alcaraz

34
Q

What is the formula of the ratio of parent and daughter in a certain number of half-lives n?

A

1:(2^n)-1

1 HL = 1:1
2 HL = 1:3
3 HL = 1:7

35
Q

What is the wavelength of Visible Light

A

750 nm - 400 nm

36
Q

Wavelength Range of Infrared

A

25 μm - 2.5 μm

37
Q

Wavelength Range of Gamma Rays

A

< 10^-12 m

38
Q

Wavelength Range of X-ray

A

1 nm - 1 pm

39
Q

Wavelength of Microwave

A

1 mm - 25 μm

40
Q

Wavelength of radiowave

A

> 1 mm

41
Q

It is named as the “shortest” and the “longest” days of the year

A

Winter Solstice - Shortest
Summer Solstice - Longest

42
Q

The apparent twinkling of a star due to its light passing through regions of differing air densities in the atmosphere.

A

Scintillation

Board Exam (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions