Geomorphology Flashcards
is a coastal, supratidal mudflat or sandflat in which evaporite-saline minerals accumulate as the result of semiarid to arid climate
Sabkha
is a type of glacial outburst flood that is associated with glacial sedimentation
Jokulhlaups
any tributary stream that runs parallel to, and within the floodplain of a larger river for considerable distance, before eventually joining it
Yazoo
Kaolinite-rich mudrocks formed by volcanic processes
Tonsteins
A volcanic caldera that has been partially filled by a new central cone.
Somma Volcano
Formations where valley glaciers leave mountains and spread on a flatland as large lobes of spreading ice
Piedmont glacier
A ridge that descends towards a valley floor or coastline from a higher elevation, that ends in an inverted V face produced by the erosional truncation of the spur by the action of either streams, waves, or glaciers.
Truncated Spur
Rock outcrops that have been partially or completely covered by ice caps due to topography.
Nunataks (see Rognons also)
Etched, pitted, grooved, fluted and otherwise rugged surfaces formed from weathered limestone.
Shilin/Karren/Lapies/Pinnacle Karst
stream channels with flat floors and steep walls of sediment usually found in deserts or other arid climates and completely dry up between periods of activity due to water-less conditions.
Arroyo
Linear dunes that form from constant wind direction and with no vegetation
Seif/longitudinal dune
Also known as Burringurrah and is known as the largest rock. It is an inselberg.
Mt. Augustus
The second “step” of the Colorado Plateau
Vermillion Cliffs National Monument
What structure carved the Grand Canyon?
Colorado River
A city built on a spit within the Manila Bay
Cavite City
What type of structure is Devil’s Tower, Wyoming, USA
Volcanic Neck
A duricrust rich in aluminum, commonly in the form of hardened bauxite
Alcrete
The loss of silica and concentration of sesquioxides in the soil, with the formation of gibbsite, and with or without the formation of laterite.
Allitization (see also. Soluviation, feralization, laterization, and latosolization)
a sharp-edged gap that forms between two cirques converging from opposite sides of a crest
Col
A deep crack in the brittle surface of a glacier
Crevasse
While both a.) ________ and b.)_________ are streamlined and oriented in the direction of glacial movement, they differ in their composition and formation process. A a.) __________ is composed of bedrock and formed by deformation, while a b.) _________ is composed of till and formed by deposition.
a.) Roche moutonnee
b.) Drumlin
lakes occur in a series down a formerly glaciated valley in small basins scooped out by the glacier as it retreated
Paternoster lake
The steep sides of a mesa are called
escarpments or scarps
In geology, what is a ‘boss’?
a. isolated hill in arid region
b. isolated hill over a peneplain
c. small igneous intrusion
d. a small, rounded mound or mass of resistant bedrock
a small, rounded mound or mass of resistant bedrock
In geology, the term boss can indeed refer to a small igneous intrusion, typically characterized as a rounded mass of resistant rock that has been exposed through erosion. However, it’s important to clarify that while a boss can be considered an igneous intrusion, it is specifically described as a small, rounded mound or mass of resistant bedrock.
Which interesting landform is known as a zeugen?
a. tabular mass of resistant rock resting on undercut pillar of softer rock
b. detached bedrock resting on a slope
c. detached mass of rock resting on a glacier
d. isolated hillock in granitic terrain
tabular mass of resistant rock resting on undercut pillar of softer rock
An isolated mass of well weathered and joined rock is known by which
term?
a. tern
b. pinnacle
c. tor
d. corestone
Answer: Corestone
A sharp crested Ridge formed by steeply inclined resistant rock product
of differential erosion is known as?
a. cuesta
b. dyke
c. razorback
d. hogback
hogback
What is the lowest point on earth’s land surface?
a. Death Valley in USA
b. Dead Sea
c. Qattara depression in Egypt
d. Lake Baikal in Siberia
Answer: Dead Sea
d. Lake Baikal in Siberia (deepest lake)
an iron-rich, humus-poor mixture of clay with quartz and other minerals. Is a redoximorphic feature in highly weathered soil. Often called red duricrust.
Plinthite
The term “colluvium” is applied to what type of unconsolidated
material?
a. Alluvium on base of hills
b. loose soil material/rock fragments
c. Loess
d. glacial drift
loose soil material/rock fragments
Refers to a type of sedimentary rock that often contains iron oxides, giving it a reddish color. It is commonly associated with sedimentary rocks that can include sandstones, siltstones, and shales.
Red Bole
Where will you find a pediment?
a. Extensive eroded region with low relief
b. boulder strewn seashore
c. sloping plain strewn with boulders bordering a hill
d. dry valley in a desert or semidesert
Extensive eroded region with low relief
This type of valley is cut by glaciers
U-shaped
An antecedent river is which type of stream?
a. that maintains its original course despite subsequent uplift
b. that descends from high mountains forming deep channels
c. that follows the strike of mountain chains
d. that forms high hanging terraces
that maintains its original course despite subsequent uplift
A large, powerful waterfall
Cataract
Waterfall type in which water descends a series of rock steps
Cascade
Limnology is the scientific study of which feature?
a. Limestone deposits
b. caves
c. waterfalls
d. lakes and ponds
lakes and ponds
What is the largest delta in the world and what type?
Ganga-Brahmaputra system; Arcuate; Tide-dominated
What is an elongated dune which forms at right angles to the prevailing
wind called?
a. whaleback
b. longitudinal
c. crescent
d. transverse
Transverse
Deflation is an erosive process by which natural agency?
a. glacier
b. wind
c. wave action
d. frost
wind
Nunatak is the name given to which feature?
a. Isolated hills surrounded by desert
b. isolated hill surrounded by an ice sheet
c. ice covered peak of a mountain
d. isolated hill on a plateau
isolated hill surrounded by an ice sheet.
What are rivers of ice called?
a. Glaciers
b. icebergs
c. ice streams
d. slow lines
Glaciers
By what name is the rock debris at the mouth of a glacier known?
a. tillite
a. firn
b. moraine
c. drift
Answer: moraine
a. Tillite - sedimentary rock that consists of consolidated masses of unweathered blocks
b. Firn - partially compacted granular snow that is the intermediate stage between snow and glacial ice
What is steep sided, more or less circular depression in a glacial drift
known as?
a. serac
b. kettle
c. kame
d. crevasse
kettle
an irregularly shaped hill or mound composed of sand, gravel and till that accumulates in a depression on a retreating glacier, and is then deposited on the land surface with further melting of the glacier.
Kame
a dry channel lying in a semiarid or desert area and subject to flash flooding during seasonal or irregular rainstorms
Arroyo
Where can the Barnard Glacier be found?
a. Alps
b. Antarctica
c. Andes
d. Alaska
Antarctica
The last geological record of glaciation is found in which geological
epoch?
Pleistocene
Give the name and location of the largest mountain glacier outside the
Himalayas?
a. Jungfrau on the Alps
b. Fedchenko on the Pamir
c. Miles in Alaska
d. Kibo on Mt. Kilimanjaro
Fedchenko on the Pamir
Ablation in relation to a glacier refers to what process?
removal of snow and ice
Any unfrozen material within the permafrost zone.
Talik
What is the region adjacent to an ice sheet called?
a. ice crevasse
b. periglacial
c. comb rock
d. ice fall
periglacial
Where does the world famous natural geyser called ‘Old Faithful’
occur?
a. Rushmore National Park, USA
b. Yellowstone National Park, USA
c. Puga Valley, Himachal Pradesh
d. Tasman National Park, New Zealand
Yellowstone National Park, USA
What valley shape is characteristic formed by glacial erosion?
U-shaped
