Hydrogeology and Meteorology Flashcards
Streams whose course is controlled by the initial slope of land surface
a. Consequent Stream
b. Insequent Stream
c. Subsequent Stream
d. Resequent Stream
e. Obsequent Stream
Consequent Stream
Streams whose course is dependent on structures and not on topography.
a. Consequent Stream
b. Insequent Stream
c. Subsequent Stream
d. Resequent Stream
e. Obsequent Stream
Subsequent Stream
Streams that develop on flat or structureless rocks.
a. Consequent Stream
b. Insequent Stream
c. Subsequent Stream
d. Resequent Stream
e. Obsequent Stream
Insequent Stream
Streams that develop in response to a new base level and flows in the same direction as the main consequent stream.
a. Consequent Stream
b. Insequent Stream
c. Subsequent Stream
d. Resequent Stream
e. Obsequent Stream
Resequent Stream
Stream that flow in the opposite direction of the consequent stream.
a. Consequent Stream
b. Insequent Stream
c. Subsequent Stream
d. Resequent Stream
e. Obsequent Stream
Obsequent Stream
A measure of a stream’s ability to transport particles based on size
Competence.
The largest river in the world.
Amazon (Drainage: 5,778,000 km2 Discharge: 212,400 cm3/s)
Irregular branching of tributary streams that develop whenever underlying bedrock is relatively uniform, thus forming a pattern influenced by the topography.
a. Dendritic
b. Parallel
c. Trellis
d. Rectangular
Dendritic
A right-angled pattern in which tributary streams are nearly parallel to one another which typically forms in areas underlain by alternating bands of resistant and lesser resistant rocks.
a. Dendritic
b. Parallel
c. Trellis
d. Rectangular
Trellis
A right-angled pattern that develops where the bedrock is crisscrossed by a series of joints.
a. Dendritic
b. Parallel
c. Trellis
d. Rectangular
Rectangular
Pattern that form on areas with pronounced slope to the surface and are also observed on areas with elongated platforms such as resistant rock bands.
a. Dendritic
b. Parallel
c. Trellis
d. Rectangular
Parallel
Streams pattern where streams diverge from a central area.
Radial
Stream pattern where streams flow radially inward into the center.
Centripetal
Stream pattern evolved through the disturbance of an existing drainage system, initially adopting a dendritic pattern that undergoes alteration when overrun by glacial activity.
Deranged
Drainage pattern characterized by a tributary crossing a stream that flows the opposite direction while retraining the original current’s flow.
Barbed
A small glacier that exists in lofty mountain areas and moves a few centimeters per day.
Valley Glacier
Large scale valley glaciers that can flow out in all directions.
Ice Sheet
A mass of ice covering uplands and plateaus. Has an area of less than 50,000 km2.
Ice Caps
Glaciers that occupy broad lowlands at the bases of steep mountains and form when one or more valley glaciers emerge from confining walls.
Piedmont glacier
A method that accelerates and increases the amount of rainfall by adding ice nuclei to supercooled clouds.
Cloud Seeding
A geologic formation, which can absorb water but cannot transmit significant amounts.
Aquiclude
A water bearing geological formation or stratum capable of transmitting water through pores at a sufficient rate.
Aquifer
A geological formation with no interconnected pores and hence can neither absorb nor transmit water.
Aquifuge
A geologic formation of impervious nature but can transmit water at a much slower rate than aquifers.
Aquitard
It has an aridity index of 0.05 to 0.2
a. arid
b. semi-arid
c. humid
Arid
The water mass found above the ocean floor
Pelagic Zone
The aquatic area above the continental shelves
Neritic Zone
The aquatic area beyond the continental shelves
Oceanic Zone
The marine realm covering the bottom of the sea
Benthic Realm
The area between low and high tide
Littoral zone/Intertidal zone
the continuously submerged zone
Sublittoral zone or subtidal zone
The environment that extends from the edge of the shelf to a depth about 4000 m
Bethyal Zone
It is the distinction between laminar and turbulent motion. Low value (<500) is laminar and high value (>2000) is turbulent.
Reynold’s Number
a basic measure of the critical water contents of fine-grained soils, such as silt and clay, as they transition from a solid to a liquid.
Atterberg Limit
is a graph used by hydrologists and geologists to determine whether a river will erode, transport, or deposit sediment. The graph takes sediment particle size and water velocity into account.
Hjulstrom Curve
This law states that the force that settles a sphere moving through a viscous (Newtonian) fluid is directly proportional to the velocity and the radius of the sphere, and the viscosity of the fluid
Stokes law
Luminous night clouds that appear as thin, wavy, bluish-white clouds that develop in the upper mesosphere, having stars shine brightly through them, appearing bright.
a. Lenticular Clouds
b. Pileus Clouds
c. Mammatus Clouds
d. Nacreous Clouds
Answer: Nacreous Clouds
• Lenticular - lens shaped
• Pileus - resembles silken scarf capping the top of a cumulus cloud
• Mammatus - Bag-like sacs that hang beneath the clouds
The cell of thermal circulation in the poles found in both hemispheres.
Polar Cells
The cell of thermal circulation between the latitudes 30 and 60 found in both hemispheres.
Ferrel Cell
The cell of thermal circulation between the equator and latitude 30 found in both hemispheres
Hadley Cell
The reversals in air pressure and the ocean warming being more or less simultaneous
El Nino-Southern Oscillation
Hurricane vs Typhoon vs Cyclone vs Willy-willy
Hurricane - N. Atlantic, E. North Pacific Oceans
Typhoon - W. North Pacific
Cyclone - W. South Indian Ocean
Willy-Willy - Southern Indian Ocean
A scale for cyclones that uses maximum winds.
Saffir-Simpson Scale
The deadliest tropical cyclones in the Philippines.
a. Yolanda
b. July 1911 Cyclone, Baguio
c. Haiphong
d. Pablo
Answer: Haiphong
Yolanda - Most destructive
July 1911 Cyclone, Baguio - Wettest
The region near the equator that is characterized by low pressure and light, shifting winds
Doldrums
Virga vs Fallstreaks
Virga - precipitation that evaporate before reaching the ground
Fallstreaks - falling ice crystals that evaporate before reaching the ground
Which is the best source of ground water in dug wells?
a. sandy beds
b. sandstone
c. limestone
d. granite
sandy beds
An aquifer test in which two inflatable seals (or packers) are set in an open borehole to prevent movement of ground water in the test section while the permeability of the isolated rock is determined.
Packer Test
Ratio of the volume of water that drains from a saturated soil or rock due to gravity to the total volume of soil or rock, stated as a percentage.
Specific Yield
Ratio of the volume of water a soil or rock can retain
against gravity drainage to the total volume of the soil or
rock, usually stated as a percentage.
Specific Retention
Amount of water per unit volume of a saturated formation that is stored or expelled from storage due to compressibility of mineral skeleton and pore water per unit change in head. Units are ft-1.
Specific Storage
The Ghyben-Herzberg principle says the depth to which the fresh water extends below sea level is approximately ______ times the height of the water table above sea level.
40 times
For drinking water, the maximum TDS is
500 mg/L
At what value of TDS is water considered to be saline?
≥10,000 mg/L
