pain management Flashcards
pain def 1
an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage
pain def 2
A revised definition identifies pain as “a somatic perception containing: (1) a bodily sensation with qualities like those reported during tissue-damaging stimulation, (2) an experienced threat associated with this sensation, and (3) a feeling of unpleasantness or other negative emotion based on this experienced threat”
hyperalgesia
Increased response to a stimulus that normally is painful
hypoalgesia
Diminished response to a normally painful stimulus
hyperesthesia
Increased sensitivity to stimulation, excluding the special senses
hypesthesia
Diminished sensitivity to stimulation, excluding the special senses
dysesthesia
An unpleasant abnormal sensation, whether spontaneous or evoked
paresthesia
An abnormal sensation, whether spontaneous or evoked
allodynia
Pain resulting from a stimulus (such as light touch) that does not normally elicit pain
addiction
misuse of a substance for purposes other than one for which it was prescribed and despite negative consequences in health, employment, or legal/social spheres, demand for specific medications and doses, anger and irritability, poor cooperation, disturbed interpersonal reactions
pseudo-addiction
exhibiting behaviors associated with addiction but only because their pain is inadequately treated *undercontrolled* figuring out difference is tough!* -assess validity of pain -multidisc. approach -get a good hx -tx pain
avoid profiling in drug addiction
“white women” are the face of modern pill addiction
Neuropathic pain
abnormal neural activity secondary to disease, injury, or dysfunction of the nervous system
Sympathetically mediated pain (SMP) arises from ???
assoc. w/ ???
known as…
most common cause ??
a peripheral nerve lesion
associated with autonomic changes (complex regional pain syndrome I and II, formerly known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy and causalgia)
Diabetic neuropathy most common!
Peripheral neuropathic pain
damage to a peripheral nerve without autonomic change (postherpetic neuralgia, neuroma formation)
Central pain arises from ???
examples:
abnormal central nervous system (CNS) activity
phantom limb pain, pain from spinal cord injuries, and post-stroke pain
-hard to tx, tx CNS issue
pain toxonomy axes (IASP)
Axis I: Anatomic regions
Axis II: Organ systems
Axis III: Temporal characteristics, pattern of occurrence
Axis IV: Intensity, time since onset of pain
Axis V: Etiology
chronic pain dx
Chronic complaints of pain Symptoms frequently exceed signs Minimal relief with standard treatment History of having seen many clinicians Frequent use of several nonspecific medications
visceral pain is very hard to ?
localize