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FF3 Exam 1 > Pain/Fine Touch > Flashcards

Pain/Fine Touch Flashcards

1
Q

List the senses (ways body perceives external stimulus)

A
  • balance
  • thermoreception
  • pain
  • propioreception (sense of body position at any time)
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2
Q

A change in the electrical potential of a receptor is ______________________

A

Receptor potential

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3
Q

Describe an adequate stimulus

A

Physical energy a receptor is tuned to respond to

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4
Q

What is proportional to stimulus intensity?

A

Receptor potential amplitude and action potential frequency

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5
Q

When a receptor has a high rate of response followed by a lower response rate with continued stimulus it is called:

A

Adaptation

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6
Q

List the 3 classes of receptors

A

Exteroreceptors
Propioceptors
Interoceptors

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7
Q

Which type of recpetor detects stimuli from inside body? Some receptors are pH, O2, level in arterial blood, CO2 concentration, etc

A

Interoceptor

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8
Q

Describe propioceptors location and sensitivity

A

Location: skeletal muscles/tendons, ligaments
Sensitive: muscle stretch, muscle tone, and angle of joints

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9
Q

Which receptors detect stimuli near outer surface of body and include skin (cold, warm, touch, pressure, vibration)?

A

Exteroceptors

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10
Q

List examples of exteroceptors

A
  • mechanoreceptor
  • thermoreceptors
  • nociceptors = pain
  • chemoreceptor = taste/smell
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11
Q

The receptor types for temperature are?

A

Cold - bulbs of Krause
Warm - Ruffini organs

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12
Q

Which fibers are the bare or encapsulated nerve endings associated with?

A

A-delta and C fibers

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13
Q

What is the Channel associated with temperature?

A

Transient Receptor Potential channel

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14
Q

What is special to vampire bats that alllow them to detect infrared radiation?

A

3 nasal pits

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15
Q

How are the 2 TRPV1 receptors activated in vampire bats?

A

Long form at heat - 109 F
Short form at cold 86 F

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16
Q

Which TRPV1 detects infrared in vampire bats?

A

Short form

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17
Q

Which sensory fibers origin innervated the pit membrane in rattlesnakes for infrared detection?

A

Trigeminal ganglion

18
Q

Which mechanoreceptors detect pressure?

A

Merkel’s disk, Tactile disk, Ruffini’s corpuscle

19
Q

List the 2 characteristics of stimulus detection

A
  • tactile location: id where stimulus originates
  • tactile discrimination: 2 pt discrimination
20
Q

Skin areas innervated by spinal nerves are called:

A

Dermatomes

21
Q

Which receptors detect pain?

A

Nociceptors

22
Q

What can pain elicit ?

A

a protective or aversive reaction to remove the organism from the stimulus

23
Q

List some stimuli that excite nociceptors

A
  • mechanical stress
  • extreme temps
  • ischemia
  • inflammatory chemicals (H+, K+, histamines, Pgs, etc)
24
Q

__________ fibers transmit fast pain

A

A-delta

25
Q

__________ fibers transmit slow pain

A

C fibers

26
Q

Describe pain transmission

A

Cell body in dorsal root ganglion

27
Q

What is the1st synaptic relay for pain inflammatory from periphery?

A

Dorsal horn of spinal cord

28
Q

Cells of nociceptors are in the dorsal root ganglion and terminate as?

A

Free endings in peripheral tissues

29
Q

What type of analgesia system is thought to exist in the brain?

A

Intrinsic/endogenous

30
Q

What type of analgesia system is thought to exist in the brain?

A

Intrinsic/edogenous

31
Q

What area needs to be stimulated in the midbrain to produce selective suppression of pain?

A

PAG -periaqueductal gray matter

32
Q

What does PAG stimulation inhibit?

A

Dorsal horn pain transmission cells

33
Q

What does the PAG and opioids activate in the Rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM)?

A

The nucleus raphe magnus (NRM)

34
Q

PAG neurons release __________ onto NRM neurons

A

enkephalin

35
Q

Serotonin is released by __________ neurons onto dorsal cord neurons

A

NRM

36
Q

In the __________________, substance P is released by nociceptor afferent onto pain transmission cells

A

Spinal cord dorsal horn

37
Q

What inhibits release of substance P in the dorsal horn?

A

Opiates

38
Q

What channels are closed in an opioid moa?

A

Calcium

39
Q

What ions exit the cell in an opioid moa, thus hyperpolarizing it?

A

Potassium

40
Q

List where you can find opioid receptors through the body

A
  • brain
  • brainstem
  • spinal cord
  • peripheral neurons
  • intestines
41
Q

If the brain stem is affected by opioid activity, what can be affected?

A

Respiration

42
Q

Why may constipation be a side effect of opioid medications?

A

Because receptors are expressed in neurons regulating peristalsis

FF3 Exam 1 (18 decks)

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