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FF3 Exam 1 > Chemical Senses > Flashcards

Chemical Senses Flashcards

1
Q

How many transmembrane domains in odorant receptor genes?

A

7

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2
Q

Where are signals sent in the olfactory brain in mammals?

A

Primary olfactory - piriform cortex
Secondary - orbitofrontal cortex
Amygdala

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3
Q

Olfactory pathways project thought the ______________ to the olfactory cortex

A

Olfactory bulb

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4
Q

Sensory pathways project to ____________, which modifies and relays the information to cortical centers

A

Thalamus

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5
Q

Which pathways project to the cerebellum?

A

Equilibrium

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6
Q

Define macrosmatic

A

Smell necessary for survival

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7
Q

True or false: humans are macrosmatic

A

False, they are microsmatic (dont need smell to survive )

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8
Q

What is the difference in species that aid in odor detection?

A

Number of receptors they have

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9
Q

Describe receptor adaptation in olfactory perception

A

It usually fades rapidly

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10
Q

What structures are associated with sensing smells?

A

Olfactory cells
Odorant receptors (GPCR,cAMP)
VMO - sex pheromones

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11
Q

Which structure processes odors in the brain?

A

Olfactory bulb

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12
Q

What is the labyrinth of thin bones covered with epithelium that houses olfactory receptors?

A

Olfactory recess

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13
Q

The ________________ is the bone separating main airway

A

Lamina transversa

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14
Q

True or false: CN I has myelinated axons

A

False, it has unmyelinated axons

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15
Q

What is a unique feature of an olfactory receptor cell?

A

Dividing stem cell are present

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16
Q

List the order of signal transduction in the olfactory system

A
  1. Odor molecules enter nose
  2. Cilia bind to molecules
  3. Olfactory receptor cells in epithelium interpret molecules and relay info to brain
  4. Across bone, mitral cells receive and transmit odor info to brain
17
Q

What proteins act as molecular switches involved in signal transmission within cells?

A

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins
Can be ionotropic (fast) or metabotropic (slow)

18
Q

What does the molecular mechanism of odor transduction rely on?

A

cAMP as 2nd messenger

19
Q

From olfactory receptor cells, where does the signal go to?

A

CN 1

20
Q

CN 1 relays info to the _________________

A

Olfactory bulb

21
Q

Is a decline in ability to recognize odors with age normal?

A

Yes

22
Q

What are some clinical aspects of loss of odorant recognition?

A

Conductive loss (polyp or inflammation) or sensorineural loss (head injury, neurodegenerative condition, upper respiratory tract infection)

23
Q

What is the response to smelling pheromones called?

A

Flehmen response

24
Q

Which organ detects pheromones?

A

VMO

25
Q

VMO sends signals to where?

A

Accessory olfactory bulb

26
Q

How is the Hypothalamus activation significant in humans?

A
  1. Pheromones from underarm secretions lead to menstrual synchrony
  2. Men can discriminate btw women high and low fertility scent samples
27
Q

Define tastants

A

Water soluble chemicals known as adequate stimulus

28
Q

What are the 5 taste primaries? Henning’s Taste tetrahedron

A

Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami

29
Q

What are the 4 CN that innervate the tongue?

A

7, 9, 10, 5 (touch pain and temp for 5)

30
Q

Fungiform, foliate, circumvallate are:

A

Taste papillae

31
Q

Circumvate papillae are innervated by which CN?

A

9

32
Q

Are taste cells neurons?

A

No, they are specialized sensory cells

33
Q

responses to spicy food include:

A

Salivation, vasodilation, tearing, sweating, nasal secretion

34
Q

CN ____ is associated with chemoreception to irritants

A

5

35
Q

CN ____ is associated with chemoreception to irritants

A

5

36
Q

Mentol and capsaicin activate what nociceptors

A

Temperature sensitive

37
Q

Mentol and capsaicin activate what nociceptors

A

Temperature sensitive

FF3 Exam 1 (18 decks)

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