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FF3 Exam 1 > CSF And BBB > Flashcards

CSF And BBB Flashcards

1
Q

List some functions of CSF

A
  • protect cranial contents
  • modulate pressure changes
  • chemical buffer (homeostasis)
  • transport
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2
Q

List the 3 parts of the meninges

A
  • pia matter
  • arachnoid
  • dura matter
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3
Q

The dura covers what in the brain?

A

Cortex and cerebellum

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4
Q

Which part of the meninges plays a role in clearing CSF?

A

Dura

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5
Q

An accumulation of blood outside a vessel in an organ or tissue or body space is a:

A

Hematoma

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6
Q

What are the 2 types of hematomas associated with the brain?

A

Epidural and Subdural

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7
Q

A localized, homogenous bright signal hematoma associated with arterial blood where the blood is outside the dura is a ?

A

Epidural hematoma

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8
Q

Describe a subdural hematoma

A

Associated with venous blood
Under dura
Widespread
Has dark spots in CT bc of blood cell degradation

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9
Q

Which structure specifically produces the CSF?

A

Choroid plexus - ependymal cells

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10
Q

Define CSF

A

Normally clear fluid in ventricles, central canal of spinal cord and subarachnoid space in brain/SC

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11
Q

Describe rate of formation, flow, and absorption of CSF

A

It is sufficiently high to completely be replaced several times daily

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12
Q

CSF circulation is due to:

A
  • respiratory inspiration
  • blood pulsation in choroid plexus
  • ependymal cell pulsation
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13
Q

What type of fibers can be found in the arachnoid?

A

Collagen and elastic

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14
Q

Inside the arachnoid granulation, you can find ?

A

Arachnoid villi

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15
Q

Absorption of CSF occurs through protusions in the _______________ into arachnoid granulations (venous sinuses)

A

arachnoid membrane

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16
Q

Impaired CSF circulation or resoabsorption would lead to what condition?

A

Hydrocephalus

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17
Q

What can be installed to treat Hydrocephalus that goes into the abdomen?

A

Shunts

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18
Q

List 2 things that regulate the balance of CSF pressure

A
  • absorption rate
  • formation rate
19
Q

A subarachnoid hemorrhage (blocks absorption) will increase/decrease CSF pressure?

A

Increase

20
Q

The inflammation of meninges is called ___________

A

Meningitis

21
Q

Meningitis causes:

A
  • viral
  • bacterial
  • parasitic
  • fungal
  • toxin exposure
22
Q

Define encephalitis

A

Brain inflammation

23
Q

What is the most common cause of neurological disease in dogs?

A

Encephalitis

24
Q

T/F there is epidural space in the skull

A

false

25
Q

What creates an epidural hematoma ?

A

False space in a trauma

26
Q

What separates the spinal cord dura from the periosteum lining the vertebral canal?

A

Vertebral column

27
Q

Where do you insert the needle for a lumbar tap/CSF collection and why?

A

At level of cauda equine to prevent spinal cord damage

28
Q

In small animals, describe where you can collect CSF from.

A

Atlantooccipital space (cerebellomedullary)

29
Q

CSF is composed of what ratio of glucose?

A

2/3

30
Q

List the 3 structures that make up the Blood brain barrier

A
  • astrocytes
  • pericytes
  • endothelial cells
31
Q

In a brain capillary, _________ junctions aid to reduce pinocytosis.

A

Tight

32
Q

T/F brain capillaries have fenestrations

A

false

33
Q

What is present around a brain capillary that is unique to that?

A

Astrocyte foot processes and pericytes

34
Q

Which molecules cross the blood-brain barrier?

A

Lipid-soluble

35
Q

Which charged molecules cross more freely than the other ?

A

Negatively charged

36
Q

What can decrease the resistance of the Blood-brain barrier?

A

Injury or inflammation

37
Q

BBB leakage can be induced by:

A
  • seizures
  • stroke
  • traumatic brain injury
38
Q

Which areas of the brain are not protected by the blood-brain barrier?

A

Circumventricular organs

39
Q

List circumventricular organs

A
  • Neurohypophysis
  • pineal gland
  • area postrema
    -subfornical organ
40
Q

Describe the reason why some areas of the brain may not be protected by the BBB

A

To allow brain to monitor humoral signals

41
Q

Define edema

A

Swelling caused by fluid accumulation in body tissue

42
Q

List the 2 types of edema

A
  • vasogenic
  • cytotoxic
43
Q

Which type of edema is characterized by an increase in ICP, brain volume, and interstitial volume?

A

Vasogenic

44
Q

Define cytotoxic edema

A

Intracellular swelling of neurons, glia, and endothelial cells

FF3 Exam 1 (18 decks)

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