Pain Flashcards
What is pain?
An unpleasant emotional experience and unpleasent sensory experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
What do Antihistamines and anti-inflammatory drugs do?
Treat signs and symptoms. NOT THE CAUSE OF DISEASE
Where do pain sensations occur?
In nonciceptors
What are the three types of pain?
Superficial pain, deep pain and visceral pain
Where is deep pain found?
In skeletal muscles, joints, tendons and bones
Where is visceral pain found?
Hollow abdominal organs, heart, liver, lungs
How can you classify pain?
The type of pain (visceral, deep or superficial), intensity, duration, location and quality
What are some pain indications?
Increased salivation, heart rate or respiration, vocalization, guarding, limping
What is the purpose of pain?
To immobilize and stop further damage, signal other receptors to go heal the area
Indications of inflammation?
Redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of motion
What is the “wind up phenomenon”?
Once a receptor has been fired, it’s threshold is lowered, making it more sensitive and likely to fire
No steroidal anti inflammatory drugs
NSAIDS
What are the triple As of NSAIDS?
Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic
Are NSAIDS or steroids more effective for antiinflammatory purposes?
Steroids
What are the advantages of NSAIDs?
No steroidal side effects, no CNS suppression, fewer serious side effects.
What is the most common problem whilst using NSAIDs?
GI bleeding and ulceration
Do not give cats….
TYLENOL
What are symptoms of Tylenol poisoning?
Facial edema, cyanosis, depression, anorexia,
What do antihistamines do?
Prevent the spread of inflammatory responses by blocking the receptor sites
What does the H1 receptor control?
Allergic reactions and motion Sickness
What does the H2 receptor control?
Hydrochloric and production of gastric mucosa
Examples of H1 antihistamines?
Benadryl, hydroxzide
Examples of H2 antihistamines?
Pepcid, Zantac
What do muscle relaxants do?
Help control inflammation and pain by reducing muscle spasms
Common side effects of muscle relaxants?
Excessive salivation, muscle weakness, ataxia
Types of local anesthetics?
Lidocaine, bupivicaine
Various routes of local anesthetics
Nerve block, topical, injection, epiural
Uses for local, topical and regional anesthetics?
Small lacerations, nerve blocks, bovine field surgery
Effects corticosteroids have?
Anti Inflammatory, immunosuppressant
Side effects of corticosteroids?
PU/pd, depressed healing, weight gain, Addisons and Cushings, abnormal behavior, gastric ulcers
Uses for corticosteroids
Allergic reactions, shock, laminitis, autoimmune diseases, Addison’s disease, inflammatory ocular conditions
This produces all steroid compounds in the body
Adrenal gland
Two classes of corticosteroids?
Mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids
Examples of glucocorticoids?
Prednisone, dexamethazone
Uses for antihistamines?
Reverse sneeze, motion sickness, anaphylactic shock
Meloxicam (NSAIDs)trade name
Metacam®
Acetylsalicylic acid trade name
Aspirin ®
Acetaminophen trade name
Tylenol ®
Carprofin trade name-N
Rimadyl ®
Trade name for etodolac (NSAID)
Etogestic ®
Trade name for deracoxib (NSAID)
Derakaxx®
Trade name for firocoxib (NSAID)
Previcox ®
Trade name for flunixim meglumine.
Benamine®
Drug that can cause birth defects (teratogenic)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
Trade name of diphenhydramine.
Antihistamine—Benadryl ®
Trade name of famotidine (antihistamines)?
Antihistamine—Pepcid ®
1 side effect of NSAIDs.
GI issues
1 side effect of steroids
PU/pd
What do opioids do?
Make you feeeel gooood
Three receptors opioids affect
Mu, kappa, delta
Morphine- O
Agonists-Mu receptor
Fentanyl-type of opioid
Agonist- Mu receptor
Tramadol-opioid type
Agonist-Mu receptor
What do opioid agonists do?
Control or prevent pain
What do opioid antagonists do?
Blocks binding receptors to loose side effects
Butoephanol trade names and opioid type
Torbugesic® torbutrpol®. Partial agonist
