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Pharmacology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Requires no oxygen and metabolizes by fermentation

A

Anaerobic bacteria

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2
Q

Major sources for making antibiotics

A

Mold and bacteria

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3
Q

The first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.

A

Penicillin

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4
Q

By what do you classify antibiotics?

A

By chemical make up

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5
Q

Six characteristics of antibiotics

A

Spectrum of activity, mode of action, toxicity, physical properties, stability, resistance

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6
Q

The range of which an antibiotic is effective.

A

Spectrum of activity

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7
Q

Spectrum of antibiotics that works against gram + bacteria or gram - bacteria, not both

A

Narrow spectrum

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8
Q

Spectrum of antibiotics that works against some gram- and gram+ bacteria

A

Broad spectrum

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9
Q

Two mode of actions for antibiotics.

A

Bactericidels, bacteriostatistics

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10
Q

Mode of action that kills by interfering with cell wall synthesis

A

Bactericidals

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11
Q

Mode of action that kills by stopping growth of bacteria by interfering with protein synthesis

A

Bacteriostatics

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12
Q

Adverse affects that happen when an antibiotic is used.

A

Toxicity

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13
Q

A drugs ability to withstand heat, light, time and oxygen and still be effective

A

Stability

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14
Q

The ability for a bacteria to survive contact with an antibiotic present

A

Resistance

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15
Q

How does resistance develop?

A

The “r-factor”- changes in DNA of bacteria that gets passed down to new bacteria

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16
Q

The enzyme that destroys penicillin effect

A

Penicilliase

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17
Q

Trade names for Penicillin G

A

Crystacillin, flocillin, dual-pen

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18
Q

Advantages of using cephalosporins over penicillin?

A

They’re not sensitive for penicillinase, works harder against gram negative bacteria

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19
Q

Second generation cephalosporins.

A

Cefoxitin

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20
Q

Third generation cephalosporins.

A

ceftiofur (naxcel®), cefovecin (convenia®), cafpodoxine (simplecef®), Ceftazidime (fortaz®)

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21
Q

Fourth generation cephalosporins.

A

Cefepime (maxipime®)

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22
Q

Require oxygen present for metabolism

A

Aerobic bacteria

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23
Q

Discovered by Lloyd Conover in 1950 and became the most prescribed antibiotic in the United States

A

Tetracyclines

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24
Q

How are tetracycline excreted

A

Kidneys

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25
Q

Oxytetracycline-ointment

A

Terramycin®

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26
Q

Oxytetramyocin injectable

A

Oxy-tet 100®

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27
Q

Doxycycline trade name used for Lyme disease

A

Vibramycin®

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28
Q

Gentamicin trade name

A

Gentocin®

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29
Q

Neomycin trade name

A

Biosol®

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30
Q

Amikacin trade name

A

Amiglyde-v ®

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31
Q

Climdamyocin trade name

A

Antirobe®

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32
Q

Trade name for ampicillin?

A

Polyflex®

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33
Q

Trade name for amoxicillin?

A

Amoxdrops, amoxitabs, biomax®

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34
Q

Trade name for amoxicillan?

A

Clavamox®

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35
Q

Trade name for cephalexin?

A

Keflex®

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36
Q

Trade name for Cephapirin?

A

Cefalak, cefadry®

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37
Q

Trade name for cefadroxil?

A

Cefa-tabs, cefa-drops®

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38
Q

Trade name for cefazolin?

A

Ancef® kefzol®

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39
Q

Trade name for Cefoxitin?

A

Mefoxin®

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40
Q

Trade name for ceftiofur?

A

Naxcel®

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41
Q

Trade name for cefovecin?

A

Convenia®

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42
Q

Trade name for cafpodoxine?

A

Simplicef®

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43
Q

Trade name for Ceftazidime?

44
Q

Trade name for cefepime?

A

Maxipime®

45
Q

Trade name for tetracycline?

A

Panmycin®

46
Q

Trade name for oxytetracycline ointment?

A

Terramycin®

47
Q

Trade name for oxytetracycline injectable?

A

Oxy-tet 100®

48
Q

Trade name for oxytetracycline

A

Liquamycin®

49
Q

Trade name for doxycycline?

A

Vivramycin®

50
Q

Trade name for ✳️ gentamicin?

A

Gentocin®

51
Q

Trade name for ✳️ neomycin?

A

Gentocin®

52
Q

Trade name for ✳️ neomycin?

53
Q

Trade name for ✳️ amikacin?

A

Amiglyde-V®

54
Q

Trade name for Ⓜ️ erythromycin?

A

Erythro-100®

55
Q

Trade name for Ⓜ️ tylosin?

56
Q

Trade name for Ⓜ️ azithromycin?

A

Zithromax ®

57
Q

Trade name for Ⓜ️tilmicosin?

58
Q

Trade name for lincomycin?

A

Lincocin®

59
Q

Trade name for clindamycin?

A

Antirobe®

60
Q

Relatively new to vet medicine?

A

Quinolones

61
Q

Trade name for ciprofloxacin?

62
Q

Trade name for enrofloxacin?

63
Q

Trade name for marbofloxcin?

A

Zeniquin®

64
Q

Trade name for orbifloxacin?

65
Q

Trade name for sulfadimethoxine?

66
Q

Trade name for trimethoprim and sulfadiazine?

A

Tribrissen ®

67
Q

Trade name for ♑️metronidazole?

68
Q

Do not give orally to rabbits

A

Ampicillin

69
Q

Worry about aminoglycosides?

A

Toxicity levels, kidney, hearing and balance if used improperly

70
Q

Cows

A

Macrolides

71
Q

Fatal Macrolides to humans if injected

A

Micotil® tilmicosin

72
Q

Used for Rickettsial disease (ticks)?

A

Tetracyclines

73
Q

Cannot be given to babies, to be mothers or with NSAIDS.

A

Quinolones

74
Q

Side effect of sulfas?

A

(KCS) dry eye

75
Q

Roccal, Lysol, Clorox bleach, alcohol and nolvasan are….

A

Disinfectants

76
Q

Used on inanimate objects to clean

A

Disinfectants

77
Q

Used primarily on live tissue

A

Antiseptics

78
Q

Effects are less than the sum

A

Antagonistic

79
Q

The effect of combining antibiotics is equal to the theoretical sum

80
Q

The effect is greater than the theoretical sum

A

Synergistic

81
Q

The effect is the same as if only using one of the drugs (one cancels out)

A

Indifferent

82
Q

Cidal+static

A

Antagonistic

83
Q

Static+static

84
Q

Cidal+cidal

A

Synergistic

85
Q

Three methods a DVM uses to pick a drug?

A

Clinical experience, gram stain, culture and sensitivity

86
Q

Superficial fungus caused by microsporum sp and trichophytom sp

A

Ringworm (dermatophytes)

87
Q

Deep fungal infections

A

Deep fungal infections.

88
Q

Amphotericin B trade name

A

Fungizone ®

89
Q

Flucytosine trade name

90
Q

Itraconazole trade name

A

Sporanox®

91
Q

Ketaconazole trade name

92
Q

Fluconazole trade name

A

Diflucan ®

93
Q

Acyclovir trade name and category

A

Zovirax® and antiviral

94
Q

Interferon Alfa 2-A trade name and category

A

Roferon-A® and antiviral

95
Q

Class of drugs that stains teeth yellow?

A

Tetracyclines

96
Q

Class of drug metabolized and excreted by the liver

A

Macrolides

97
Q

Antibiotic can be dosed orally once a day

98
Q

Drug give For coccidia

99
Q

Causes aplasticanemia in humans and animals

A

Chloramphenicol

100
Q

Drugs that cross the blood brain barrier

A

Tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone

101
Q

Class of drugs Effective against all staph bacteria

A

Cephalosporins

102
Q

Class of drugs fatal to guinea pigs, horses, rabbits

A

Lincosamides

103
Q

Cephalosporin commonly injected before surgery

104
Q

Trade name of a drug that causes espohigial strictures in cats

A

Doxycycline

105
Q

Side effects of metro?

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, Cns

106
Q

Common place anti robe is used.

107
Q

Stunts growth of cartilage in puppies.

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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