Antibiotics Flashcards
Requires no oxygen and metabolizes by fermentation
Anaerobic bacteria
Major sources for making antibiotics
Mold and bacteria
The first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.
Penicillin
By what do you classify antibiotics?
By chemical make up
Six characteristics of antibiotics
Spectrum of activity, mode of action, toxicity, physical properties, stability, resistance
The range of which an antibiotic is effective.
Spectrum of activity
Spectrum of antibiotics that works against gram + bacteria or gram - bacteria, not both
Narrow spectrum
Spectrum of antibiotics that works against some gram- and gram+ bacteria
Broad spectrum
Two mode of actions for antibiotics.
Bactericidels, bacteriostatistics
Mode of action that kills by interfering with cell wall synthesis
Bactericidals
Mode of action that kills by stopping growth of bacteria by interfering with protein synthesis
Bacteriostatics
Adverse affects that happen when an antibiotic is used.
Toxicity
A drugs ability to withstand heat, light, time and oxygen and still be effective
Stability
The ability for a bacteria to survive contact with an antibiotic present
Resistance
How does resistance develop?
The “r-factor”- changes in DNA of bacteria that gets passed down to new bacteria
The enzyme that destroys penicillin effect
Penicilliase
Trade names for Penicillin G
Crystacillin, flocillin, dual-pen
Advantages of using cephalosporins over penicillin?
They’re not sensitive for penicillinase, works harder against gram negative bacteria
Second generation cephalosporins.
Cefoxitin
Third generation cephalosporins.
ceftiofur (naxcel®), cefovecin (convenia®), cafpodoxine (simplecef®), Ceftazidime (fortaz®)
Fourth generation cephalosporins.
Cefepime (maxipime®)
Require oxygen present for metabolism
Aerobic bacteria
Discovered by Lloyd Conover in 1950 and became the most prescribed antibiotic in the United States
Tetracyclines
How are tetracycline excreted
Kidneys
