Introduction to Pharmacology Flashcards
What does the diagnostic method of choosing drugs include?
Taking a history, examine, lab test urine and diagnostic
Three methods of choosing a drug?
Diagnostic, empirical, symptomatic
What does the emperical method entail?
Using practical experience to decide a drug instead of specific culturing and discovery
What does a symptomatic diagnosis entail?
Never seeing the patient, and treating based on what symptoms the owner says
Drugs SHOULD, but may not….
Shorten the course of disease, prevent the spread, prevents developing chronic problems
What are four possible outcomes of drug use?
No effect, speedy recovery, makes the condition worse, cause new and worse symptoms
What does the regimen of a drug include?
Route, dosage, frequency, duration
What is specific therapy?
Treatment of the cause of the disease
What is symptomatic therapy?
Treats only symptoms
What is supportive therapy?
Treatment that goes day by day
Factors that affect the concentration of a drug and how long it stays in the body..
Dose and route, absorption rate and amount of drug, extent of distribution, rate of metabolism, rate and route of excretion
What is efficacy?
The extent to which a drug causes the intended effects - once it is reached, do not increase the dose
Which organ metabolizes drugs?
Liver
Which organ excretes drugs?
Kidneys
Examples of adverse drug reactions
Rash,
Factors that influence absorption rate
Route, blood supply, use of other meds, solubility of the drug
What causes adverse drug reactions?
Overdose (math error, metabolized differently), improper administration, accidental exposure, bad drug interactions, side effects
Factors that affect distribution
Concentration gradient, barriers, chemical properties of the drug and body, condition of the body
Factors that influence metabolism
Enzymes present or not present in the body, health of liver and kidneys, age and health of the patient, other drugs in the body, body temperature
How are drugs excreted?
Urine, bile in the liver, defecation, sweat glands, respiration
Factors that influence excretion
Chemical nature of the drug, health of kidneys, renal blood flow, duration of action of the drug
Other factors that affect the movement of drugs throughout the body
Sex, weight, temperament, tolerance, other
Why are drugs used in consumed animals?
Treat and prevent disease, to increase weight or feed conversions
Why are some residues found in at the time of slaughter?
Dose has been to high due to weight guessing, producer didn’t observe the proper length of hold time, animals body did not metabolize properly
What is a carcinogen?
Drug that causes cancer
What is a generic name?
Common name chosen by the drug company
What is a trade name?
Exclusive fancy name chosen by the company
“Pepcid ac”
What is the purpose of a prescription?
Tells how to prepare the meds, what medication is needed, written directions that are placed on the med for the owner
What does the prescription label include?
Date, Dvm name, client name, pets name and species, expiration date, drug name (quantity) directions for use, numbers of refills
What is pharmacology?
The STUDY of drugs
What is pharmacodynamics?
The study of the movement of drugs throughout the body
What is toxocology?
The study of toxins
Where do drugs come from?
Minerals, plants, hormones, artificial
What is pharmocotherapeutics?
The process of a veterinarian choosing a specific drug and a drug regimen for treatment
What is indication?
The reason we use a particular drug?
What is contraindication?
The reason we don’t choose a drug
What is Pharmacokinetics?
The mathematics of how long it takes for a drug to enter and leave the body
What is therapeutic index?
The effective dose over the lethal dose
What does a proper label consist of?
Date, Dvm name, clinic name, address, phone number, client name, patient name, name of drug,concentration of drug, directions for use,expiration of drug, refill number
What does a proper prescription consist of?
Dvm name, clinic name, address and phone number, client name AND ADDRESS, pets name and species, drug name, concentration and quantity, directions for use
What are the three how’s of dispensing drugs?
How much, how often, how the drug is given
What are the five rights of prescriptions?
Right patient, right drug, right dose, right route of administration, right time and frequency of administration
How many times do you check if it’s the right drug?
Three times!
What is parenternsl administration?
Any route other than GI tract
What are local forms of administration?
Inhalation,mucous memories, topicals, liniments
What are the three parts of a needle?
Hub, shaft and bevel
What is dead space?
The space where fluid remains when the plunger is completely depressed
