Fluids Flashcards
How do animals obtain hydration?
Drinking, water in their food, metabolically generated water
What is the purpose of fluid therapy ?
To save lifves, replenish bodily fluids, prevent fluid loss
How do animals loose water?
Urination, defecation, sweating, respiration, vomiting, burns, water taken out of circulation
How to check the need for fluids?
Skin elasticity, CRT, eyes, heart rate, jugular distention, weight
What are physical signs of <5% dehydration?
Undetectable by skin tent
Signs of 5-6% dehydration?
In elastic skim, sluggish skin pinch
Signs of 7-9% dehydration?
Skin tents for several seconds, eyes sunken, tacky mm
Signs of 10-12% dehydration?
Delayed skin tenting, prolonged CRT, sunken eyes, dry MM
Signs of 13-15% dehydration?
Prolonged CRT, unresponsive, shock or death
Techniques to determine use of fluids using lab procedures?
Elevated packed cell volume, elevated TPP, elevated urine specific gravity, elevated BUN
What are maintenance requirements of fluids?
Fluid volume needed to stay well hydrated
What is contemporary fluid loss?
Continuous loss of fluid due to illness
What is fluid replacement requirement?
Volume needed to correct dehydration
What is sensible loss?
Always occurring and measureable loss
Examples of sensible fluid loss?
Water, urination
What is insensible lose of fluid?
Loss is difficult to measure
Examples of insensible fluids loss?
Fever, respiration, defection, sweating
What is the calculation for maintence volume?
Weightx60ml/kg/day
Examples of ongoing fluid loss
Hemorrhage, diarrhea, vomiting, polyuria
What is the calculation for replacement?
Weight x dehydration (decimal) x 1000ml/kg
How do you express drops per mL?
Ggt
Signs that a patient is improving on fluids?
Alertness, improved kidney function, improved CRT,increased elasticity of skin, eyes appear normal
Signs of overhydration?
Restlessness, tachycardia, increased lung sounds, nasal discharge,
What is an embolism?
Clot of catheter
What are examples of self inflicted catheter hArm?
Chewing, moving around,
What is phlebitis?
Inflammation of the vein
What is edema?
Improper bandaging
What is a occlusion of s catheter?
Tubing kinks, clots of blood, positioning of animal
Where is intercellular fluid found?
Inside of the cells
What are the two types of extra cellular fluid?
Instersitial and imtravascular
Where is interstitial fluid found?
Surrounds the cells
What is intravascular fluid?
Plasma of blood
What are hypertonic crystalloid solutions used for?
Dehydration–capable of entering all fluid compartments
What are the four groups of crystalloid solutions?
Replacement, maintenance, hypertonic,dextrose in water
What are maintenance crystalloid solutions used for?
To refill electrolyte requirements
What are hypertonic crystalloid solutions used for?
Increase intravascular volume
What is dextrose in water used for?
Infusion of other medications
What are colloidal solutions used for?
Increase osmotic pressure and prevent edema–great for shock
What are oxyglobin solutions used for?
To treat shock and anemia
What are blood product solutions used for?
To replace red blood cells, plasma proteins, platelets and coagulation factors
What are intravenous nutrient solutions used for?
Nutrition that needs to be replenish due to illness
What is the most common fluid additive?
Potassium chloride
