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Pharmacology > Immunology/Vaccines > Flashcards

Immunology/Vaccines Flashcards

0
Q

What is a vaccine?

A

A preparation that contains and infectious agent administered to create an immune response that will protect from an illness

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1
Q

What is immunology?

A

The process of rendering a subject immune or beck,ing immune by vaccination or exposure

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2
Q

What are some advantages of vaccinating?

A

Immunity long lasting, creates a memory response, boosting immune responses, inexpensive, is controlled exposure

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3
Q

Four necessities to be a vaccine.

A

Positively identify causative agent, immune response must protect against the disease, risk of vaccine must be lower than the risk of disease, should stimulate an immune response different than the disease response

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4
Q

What is a killed vaccine?

A

Dead virus or bacteria or pieces of microorganisms that cause a response

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5
Q

What is a subunit vaccine?

A

When only part of the microorganism is used

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6
Q

What is a modified live vaccine?

A

Microorganism that undergoes a process to become less dangerous

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7
Q

What is a live vaccine?

A

Full strength microorganisms given to not cause disease but still yield a response

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8
Q

What is a heterologous vaccine?

A

Microorganisms that are similar to target organism but does not cause the disease

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9
Q

What is a recombinant disease?

A

An unrelated organism that is injected with the DNA of the target organism to cause reshaping so it looks like the disease but does not cause disease

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10
Q

Advantages of killed vaccines?

A

Safe in pregnant animals, easy to store, unlikely to cause disease

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11
Q

Disadvantage of killed vaccines?

A

Less of an immune response that needs boosters

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12
Q

Pros of modified live vaccines?

A

Strong immunity, economically friendly

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13
Q

Disadvantages of micro live vaccines?

A

Capable of causing the disease, not safe in pregnant bitches, easily inactivate due to mishandling

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14
Q

Rules of vaccinating?

A

Never vaccinate an unhealthy animal, vaccines take 2-4 weeks to reach protection, vaccines should be tailored to fit needs of the animals, Vaccines have side effects, most first vaccines need boosters, timing of vaccines depend on type of protection needed

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15
Q

What does a fever do to a vaccine?

A

Eliminates the response and immunity

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16
Q

Examples of side effects

A

Soreness at the site, lethargy, fever and joint pain, abscesses at the site, swelling and hives, tumors at the site, can cause the disease

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17
Q

Are vaccines 100% effective?

A

NO!

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18
Q

How are vaccines stored?

A

Refrigerated, unexposed to heat and sunlight, uncombined

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19
Q

Most common routes of vaccination.

A

SQ and IM

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20
Q

What route is used for vaccinating large groups?

A

Aerosolized

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21
Q

How do you vaccinate fish?

A

Through water

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22
Q

When is the first vaccine able to be given?

A

8 weeks of age

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23
Q

What are the two core vaccines?

A

Distemper and rabies

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24
Q

Symptoms of distemper?

A

Fever, cough, nasal discharge, encephalitis, neurological signs, hypercaritonic foot pad (rough foot pads), cns effects during later stages

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25
Q

How do you treat distemper?

A

Viral infection—Can only treat symptoms with nutrition, antibiotics, fluids

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26
Q

Describe process of vaccinating for distemper

A

Given at eight weeks. 2-3 series 3-4 weeks apart

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27
Q

How is leptospirosis spread?

A

Bacterial infection–Urine, water and soil from wildlife– ZOONOTIC

28
Q

Symptoms of lepto?

A

Kidney, liver and blood vessels disorders

29
Q

How many strains out of 250 strains of lepto is covered by the lepto vaccine?

A

4 strains

30
Q

How is lepto treated?

A

Antibiotics and supportive care

31
Q

This is the number one infectious disease in dogs.

A

Parvovirus “puppy killer”

32
Q

How is parvovirus spread?

A

Ingestion of feces

33
Q

Symptoms of parvovirus? (P)

A

Bloody diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, leukopenia, fever

34
Q

Which breeds are more susceptible to parvovirus?

A

Rottweiler, Doberman, Labrador, pit bull terrier

35
Q

What does distemper DAPP stand for?

A

Distemper, adenovirus, parainfluenza, parvovirus

36
Q

Signs of hepatitis? (A)

A

Fever, liver failure, bleeding problems, jaundice

37
Q

Symptoms of parainfluenza? (P)

A

Cough, fever, URI

38
Q

Signs of bordatella (trachrobronchitis)?

A

Coughing, gagging, fever

39
Q

How is Lyme disease spread?

A

Deer ticks

40
Q

How long must a tick be attached to cause Lyme?

A

36-48 hours

41
Q

What are the core feline vaccines?

A

FVRCP and rabies

42
Q

FVRCP: What is rhinotracheitis?

A

Feline herpes transmitted through mucus

43
Q

Signs of rhinotracheitis?

A

Upper respiratory infection-runny nose, watery eyes, fever, anorexia, lethargy

44
Q

FVRCP: what is calicvirus?

A

Another area of respiratory infection

45
Q

Signs of calicvirus?

A

ORAL ULCERATION, watery eyes, anorexia, runny nose

46
Q

FVRCP: signs of panleukopenia? (Feline distemper)

A

Diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, lethargic, anorexia, fever

47
Q

What does FVRCP stand for?

A

Feline viral, rhinotracheitis (herpes), calici virus, panleukopenia

48
Q

We’re is the feline leukemia vaccine given?

A

Left rear

49
Q

How is the rhinotracheitis vaccine given?

A

SQ

50
Q

How is the calicivirus given?

A

SQ

51
Q

How is the panleukopenia vaccine given?

A

SQ

52
Q

When do you test a cat for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)

A

Six months

53
Q

How is FIV transmitted?

A

Saliva

54
Q

How is the FIV vaccine given?

A

SQ

55
Q

What is feline infectious peritonitis? (FIP)

A

A fatal disease that is a mutated feline corona virus

56
Q

What are the two forms of FIP (feline infections peritonitis)

A

Dry form, non effusive, and wet form, effusive

57
Q

What are the signs of dry form FIP?

A

Organ Inflammatory masses, neurological signs, ocular lesions, (based on organs involved)

58
Q

What are signs of wet form FIP?

A

Protein like yellow liquid that accumulates in the abdomen

59
Q

How is FIP spread?

A

Fecal to oral

60
Q

How is FIP treated?

A

Its not, it’s fatal–supportive care

61
Q

How effective is the FIP vaccine?

A

50-70%

62
Q

Another way to explain pan leukopenia virus?

A

Cat distemper

63
Q

How is feline leukemia spread?

A

Nose to nose direct contact

64
Q

Mild vaccine reaction symptoms.

A

Fever, pain, lethargy

65
Q

Moderate vaccine reaction

A

Facial edema, rash

66
Q

Severe drug reaction.

A

Can’t breathe, high fever, die instantly, collapse, turn white, heart fast or too slow

67
Q

How do you treat vaccine reactions?

A

Antihistamine, steroid

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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