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Pharmacology > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of GI problems.

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, colic, constipation, abnormal stool

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2
Q

Dogs and cats have what type of stomach?

A

Simple

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3
Q

Horses, rabbits and rodents have what type of stomach?

A

Hindgut fermenters

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4
Q

Cows, sheep, goat and deer have what type of stomach?

A

Ruminants

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5
Q

What does parasympathetic stimulation do?

A

Increases motility, secretions and relaxes sphincter a

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6
Q

What does sympathetic stimulation do?

A

Decreases motility, decreases secretions, inhibits sphincters

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7
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Wave like contractions to propel food along one at of the digestive tract

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8
Q

What is segmentation?

A

A repeating pattern of intestinal contractions to mix contents of the intestines

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9
Q

Absence of normal tone or strength.

A

Atony

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10
Q

Vomiting under orders from the brain

A

Emesis

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11
Q

Mechanical casting up of food from The esophagus or rumen

A

Regurgitation

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12
Q

Vomiting with blood

A

Hematemesis

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13
Q

Constipation to a degree that is unable to pass feces

A

Obstipation

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14
Q

GDV

A

Gastric dilatation volvulus

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15
Q

General term for GI problems in horses

A

Colic

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16
Q

A preparations for cleaning teeth

A

Dentrifice

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17
Q

Black, tarry stools due to blood

A

Melena

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18
Q

Bloody diarrhea

A

Hemstochezia

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19
Q

IBD

A

Inflammatory blood disease

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20
Q

FBO

A

Foreign body obstruction.

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21
Q

Telescoping of intestines

A

Intussusception

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22
Q

Can’t vomit

A

Horses and rats

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23
Q

What initiates vomiting?

A

By the emetic center in the brain connected to the chemoreceptors trigger zone (Crtz)

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24
Q

Examples by vomiting impulses

A

Pain, excitement, fear, ear disturbances,

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25
Q

What are emetics used for?

A

To induce vomitting

26
Q

Trade name for xylazine?

27
Q

When don’t we want an animal to vomit?

A

Comatose, seizing, inability to swallow, dyspnea

28
Q

Chlorpromazine (antiemetic) trade name

A

Thorazine®

29
Q

Metoclopramide (antiemetic) trade name.

30
Q

Aminopentamide trade name

A

Centrine ®

31
Q

Ondansectron trade name

32
Q

Dolasetron trade name

A

Anzemet ®

33
Q

The first veterinary antiemetic

34
Q

Cerenia cannot be used in…

A

Bitches, poisoned dogs, foreign object patients

35
Q

How can you prevent motion sickness?

A

Don’t feed an hour before traveling and give cerenia two hours prior with food

36
Q

Three functions of the GI system

A

Taking in food and fluid, absorbing nutrients and fluids, excretion of waste

37
Q

What do h2 receptor antagonists do?

A

Block parietal cells from releasing hydrochloric acid into the stomach

38
Q

What do proton pump inhibitors do?

A

Blocks the pump that brings H+ into the stomach

39
Q

Trade name for omeprazole?

A

Prilosec®

40
Q

What are antacids and what do they do?

A

Nonabsorbable salts of calcium, magnesium or aluminum that decrease the amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

41
Q

How do gastromucosal Protectants prevent ulcers?

A

Forms a paste like substance to bind to ulcers to form a protective barrier

42
Q

Trade name for gastromucosal protectant drug, sucralfate?

A

Carafate ®

43
Q

How do prostaglandin e-1 analogs prevent ulcers?

A

Inhibits the parietal cells from secret g hydrogen ions in the stomach and increases the production of mucus and bicarbonate

44
Q

Trade name for prostaglandin e-1 analog drug, misoprostol?

45
Q

How do narcotic analgesic drugs prevent diarrhea?

A

Increases segmental contractions, decreases intestinal secretions and increases intestinal absorption

46
Q

Trade name for narcotic analgesic drug, diphenoxylate?

47
Q

What are absorbants used for?

A

To absorb a toxin that has been ingested when we don’t want to induce vomitting

48
Q

Trade name for absorbent, activated charcoal?

49
Q

What do Protectants do?

A

Protects mucosa from further irritation and from bacterial absorption

50
Q

Why don’t we use the protectant, peptbismol in cats?

A

May turn stools black

51
Q

Trade name for bismuth subsalicytate?

A

Peptobismol

52
Q

Trade name for the laxative, lactulose?

53
Q

What are cathartics?

A

Strong laxatives

54
Q

How do stool softeners/surfactants work?

A

Reduces surface tension allowing water to penetrate the GI tract to soften stool

55
Q

What is petrolatum used for?

A

Laxatone® hair balls in cats

56
Q

How do bulk producing agent laxatives work?

A

Cellulose or hemicellulose that absorbs water into the GI tract

57
Q

Example of a bulk producing agent?

A

Metamucil®

58
Q

How do GI pro kinetics and stimulants?

A

Stimulate all or part of the GI tract to move contents along

59
Q

Two types of GI pro kinetics and stimulants.

A

Dopaminergic agonist and serotonergic drugs

60
Q

What is pancrelipase?

A

A pancreatic enzyme used to help break down crabs, fat, and proteins

61
Q

The pancreas does not,…

A

Produce digestive enzymes

62
Q

Trade name of metronidazole?

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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