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Z Winter Break A&P II > Pages 80-90 > Flashcards

Pages 80-90 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the urinary system play a major role in maintaining?

A

Hemeostasis

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2
Q

What does the urinary system remove?

A

-Metabolic waste
-Substances present in excess
-Foreign substances (drugs and toxic metabolites)

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3
Q

What four organs make up the urinary system?

A

-Kidneys
-Ureters
-Urinary bladder
-Urethra

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4
Q

Kidney function?

A

Filter blood and form urine

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5
Q

Ureters function?

A

Transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

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6
Q

Urinary bladder function?

A

Collects and stores urine

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7
Q

Urethra function?

A

Conveys urine from urinary bladder to outside the body

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8
Q

Physical appearance of kidneys?

A

Reddish brown bean-shaped organ 12cm x 6cm

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9
Q

What are the kidneys surrounded by?

A

Tough, fibrous capsule

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10
Q

Retroperitoneal definition?

A

Behind the parietal peritoneum

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11
Q

What organs are retroperitoneal?

A

Kidneys

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12
Q

Renal sinus?

A

A fat-filled sinus in the middle of the kidney that cushions important parts

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13
Q

Renal hilus/hilum?

A

Entrance to the renal sinus

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14
Q

Renal pelvis?

A

Funnel-shaped sac superior of ureter

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15
Q

Major calyces?

A

Large tubes that merge to form the renal pelvis

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16
Q

Minor calyces?

A

Small tubes that merge to form major calyces

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17
Q

Renal columns?

A

Extensions of cortex that dip into medulla

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18
Q

Renal medulla?

A

Inner region composed of renal pyramids

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19
Q

Renal cortex?

A

Outer region of kidney

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20
Q

Renal capsule?

A

Fibrous capsule around kidney

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21
Q

Nephrons?

A

Functional units of the kidney

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22
Q

Which kidney sits slightly lower?

A

Right kidney because it is displaced slightly by the liver

23
Q

What structure collects all the urine in the kidney?

A

Renal pelvis

24
Q

What is the blood supply of the kidney?

A

The renal artery enters though the hilum and continues to branch nephrons and then returns to renal veins

25
Q

Each kidney consists of ____ functional units called ____?

A

1 million… nephrons

26
Q

What is the blood supply of the kidney?

A

The renal artery enters through hilum and continues to branch nephrons and then returns to renal veins

27
Q

What is the blood filtering component of the kidney?

A

Renal corpuscle

28
Q

What is the blood supply of the kidney?

A

The renal artery enters through the hilum and continues to branch nephrons and then returns to renal veins

29
Q

___ + ____ ____ = Renal corpuscle

A

Glomerulus + Bowman’s capsule

30
Q

Glomerulus?

A

A cluster of capillaries around a kidney tubule

31
Q

Bowman’s capsule?

A

A cup-like sac around the glomerulus

32
Q

Renal tubule?

A

Extends from glomerular capsule to collecting duct

33
Q

Nephron = ____ ____ + ____ ____?

A

Renal corpuscle + renal tubule

34
Q

Chronic glomerulonephritis?

A

Inflammation of glomerular capillairies

35
Q

ESRD stand for?

A

End-stage renal disease

36
Q

Four symptoms of chronic glomerulonephritis?

A

Hypertension, proteinuria, hematuria, and dark urine

37
Q

Stage one kidney disease?

A

Kidney damage with normal function 90eGFR or higher

38
Q

Stage two kidney disease?

A

Kidney damage with minor loss of function 60-89eGFR

39
Q

Stage three A kidney disease?

A

Mild to moderate loss of kidney function 59-45eGFR

40
Q

Stage three B kidney disease?

A

Moderate to severe loss of function 44-30eGFR

41
Q

Stage four kidney disease?

A

Severe kidney loss of function 29-15eGFR

42
Q

Stage five kidney disease?

A

Kidney failure less than 15 eGFR

43
Q

What does urine contain?

A

Wastes, excess H2O, and electrolytes

44
Q

What are the three main processes of urine formation?

A

-Glomerular filtration
-Tubular reabsorption (Solutes and water back to bloodstream)
-Tubular secretion (Material goes from renal capillaries –> renal tubular lumen)

45
Q

What is the average eGFR?

A

The average glomerular filtration rate is 125mL/min (180L/day)

46
Q

Fenestrae?

A

Small, tiny, natural holes/openings

47
Q

Why are glomerular capillaries so incredibly permeable?

A

They contain fenestrae

48
Q

What role does hydrostatic pressure play in kidney function?

A

It filters substances through the glomerular capillary wall

49
Q

How does the renin-angiotensin system respond to a decrease in blood pressure?

A

-Releases ADH (Kidneys release less water and vasoconstriction)
-Releases aldosterone (Holds sodium and water in the body while releasing potassium)

50
Q

What is tubular reabsorption?

A

The movement of substances from renal tubules into the interstitial fluid where they can diffuse into peritubular capillaries

51
Q

Where does 70% of tubular reabsorption occur?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

52
Q

What is tubular secretion?

A

The movement of wastes from peritubular capillaries into renal tubules

53
Q

What happens to urine when ADH is secreted?

A

It becomes very concentrated

54
Q

What is the main function of the nephron loop?

A

Absorbs water

Z Winter Break A&P II (11 decks)

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