Pages 80-90

Question 1

What does the urinary system play a major role in maintaining?

Answer 1

Hemeostasis

Question 2

What does the urinary system remove?

Answer 2

-Metabolic waste
-Substances present in excess
-Foreign substances (drugs and toxic metabolites)

Question 3

What four organs make up the urinary system?

Answer 3

-Kidneys
-Ureters
-Urinary bladder
-Urethra

Question 4

Kidney function?

Answer 4

Filter blood and form urine

Question 5

Ureters function?

Answer 5

Transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

Question 6

Urinary bladder function?

Answer 6

Collects and stores urine

Question 7

Urethra function?

Answer 7

Conveys urine from urinary bladder to outside the body

Question 8

Physical appearance of kidneys?

Answer 8

Reddish brown bean-shaped organ 12cm x 6cm

Question 9

What are the kidneys surrounded by?

Answer 9

Tough, fibrous capsule

Question 10

Retroperitoneal definition?

Answer 10

Behind the parietal peritoneum

Question 11

What organs are retroperitoneal?

Answer 11

Kidneys

Question 12

Renal sinus?

Answer 12

A fat-filled sinus in the middle of the kidney that cushions important parts

Question 13

Renal hilus/hilum?

Answer 13

Entrance to the renal sinus

Question 14

Renal pelvis?

Answer 14

Funnel-shaped sac superior of ureter

Question 15

Major calyces?

Answer 15

Large tubes that merge to form the renal pelvis

Question 16

Minor calyces?

Answer 16

Small tubes that merge to form major calyces

Question 17

Renal columns?

Answer 17

Extensions of cortex that dip into medulla

Question 18

Renal medulla?

Answer 18

Inner region composed of renal pyramids

Question 19

Renal cortex?

Answer 19

Outer region of kidney

Question 20

Renal capsule?

Answer 20

Fibrous capsule around kidney

Question 21

Nephrons?

Answer 21

Functional units of the kidney

Question 22

Which kidney sits slightly lower?

Answer 22

Right kidney because it is displaced slightly by the liver

Question 23

What structure collects all the urine in the kidney?

Answer 23

Renal pelvis

Question 24

What is the blood supply of the kidney?

Answer 24

The renal artery enters though the hilum and continues to branch nephrons and then returns to renal veins

Question 25

Each kidney consists of ____ functional units called ____?

Answer 25

1 million... nephrons

Question 26

What is the blood supply of the kidney?

Answer 26

The renal artery enters through hilum and continues to branch nephrons and then returns to renal veins

Question 27

What is the blood filtering component of the kidney?

Answer 27

Renal corpuscle

Question 28

What is the blood supply of the kidney?

Answer 28

The renal artery enters through the hilum and continues to branch nephrons and then returns to renal veins

Question 29

___ + ____ ____ = Renal corpuscle

Answer 29

Glomerulus + Bowman's capsule

Question 30

Glomerulus?

Answer 30

A cluster of capillaries around a kidney tubule

Question 31

Bowman's capsule?

Answer 31

A cup-like sac around the glomerulus

Question 32

Renal tubule?

Answer 32

Extends from glomerular capsule to collecting duct

Question 33

Nephron = ____ ____ + ____ ____?

Answer 33

Renal corpuscle + renal tubule

Question 34

Chronic glomerulonephritis?

Answer 34

Inflammation of glomerular capillairies

Question 35

ESRD stand for?

Answer 35

End-stage renal disease

Question 36

Four symptoms of chronic glomerulonephritis?

Answer 36

Hypertension, proteinuria, hematuria, and dark urine

Question 37

Stage one kidney disease?

Answer 37

Kidney damage with normal function 90eGFR or higher

Question 38

Stage two kidney disease?

Answer 38

Kidney damage with minor loss of function 60-89eGFR

Question 39

Stage three A kidney disease?

Answer 39

Mild to moderate loss of kidney function 59-45eGFR

Question 40

Stage three B kidney disease?

Answer 40

Moderate to severe loss of function 44-30eGFR

Question 41

Stage four kidney disease?

Answer 41

Severe kidney loss of function 29-15eGFR

Question 42

Stage five kidney disease?

Answer 42

Kidney failure less than 15 eGFR

Question 43

What does urine contain?

Answer 43

Wastes, excess H2O, and electrolytes

Question 44

What are the three main processes of urine formation?

Answer 44

-Glomerular filtration -Tubular reabsorption (Solutes and water back to bloodstream) -Tubular secretion (Material goes from renal capillaries --> renal tubular lumen)

Question 45

What is the average eGFR?

Answer 45

The average glomerular filtration rate is 125mL/min (180L/day)

Question 46

Fenestrae?

Answer 46

Small, tiny, natural holes/openings

Question 47

Why are glomerular capillaries so incredibly permeable?

Answer 47

They contain fenestrae

Question 48

What role does hydrostatic pressure play in kidney function?

Answer 48

It filters substances through the glomerular capillary wall

Question 49

How does the renin-angiotensin system respond to a decrease in blood pressure?

Answer 49

-Releases ADH (Kidneys release less water and vasoconstriction) -Releases aldosterone (Holds sodium and water in the body while releasing potassium)

Question 50

What is tubular reabsorption?

Answer 50

The movement of substances from renal tubules into the interstitial fluid where they can diffuse into peritubular capillaries

Question 51

Where does 70% of tubular reabsorption occur?

Answer 51

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 52

What is tubular secretion?

Answer 52

The movement of wastes from peritubular capillaries into renal tubules

Question 53

What happens to urine when ADH is secreted?

Answer 53

It becomes very concentrated

Question 54

What is the main function of the nephron loop?

Answer 54

Absorbs water