Pages 32-39

Question 1

Pressure for blood vessels arteriolar end?

Answer 1

11mm of Hg outward

Question 2

Pressure for blood vessels venular end?

Answer 2

8 mm of Hg inward

Question 3

Venules?

Answer 3

Microscopic vessels that transport blood from capillaries to veins

Question 4

Two features of veins?

Answer 4

Thinner walls than arteries (carry blood at lower pressure)
Flap like valves

Question 5

What does blood pressure generally refer to?

Answer 5

The force that blood exerts against the inner walls of blood vessels. Generally refers to the pressure in systemic arteries

Question 6

What is the purpose of blood pressure?

Answer 6

Circulate the blood

Question 7

What happens to arterial blood pressure when heart contracts/relaxes?

Answer 7

Rises when ventricles contract and fall when the relax

Question 8

Systolic pressure (SP)?

Answer 8

Max pressure release during ventricular contraction

Question 9

Diastolic pressure (DP)?

Answer 9

The minimum pressure remaining before next ventricular contraction

Question 10

Pulse pressure (PP)?

Answer 10

Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

Question 11

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Answer 11

The average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle (systole and diastole)

Question 12

Stroke volume?

Answer 12

Volume of blood that enters the arteries with each ventricular contraction

Question 13

Cardiac output?

Answer 13

Volume of blood discharged from a ventricle each minute (stroke volume x heart rate = cardiac output)

Question 14

Blood volume?

Answer 14

Sum of the volume of plasma and formed elements (about 5L)

Question 15

Blood pressure is directly proportional to ____ ____?

Answer 15

Blood volume

Question 16

Peripheral resistance (PR)?

Answer 16

Force of friction between blood and walls of blood vessels

Question 17

Viscosity?

Answer 17

The difficulty with which molecules in fluid flow past each other (The state of being thick or sticky)

Question 18

Blood pressure = ____ ____ x ____ ____?

Answer 18

Cardiac output x peripheral resistance

Question 19

What system is the lymphatic system closely associated with?

Answer 19

Cardiovascular system

Question 20

What is the lymphatic system?

Answer 20

A vast system of cells and biochemicals that travel in lymphatic vessels

Question 21

What are the three functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 21

-Transport excess fluid away from the interstitial spaces and return it to the blood stream
-Absorb lipids from the digestive system and transport them to bloodstream
-Defend against disease

Question 22

What is the order in which lymph travels through the lymphatic system?

Answer 22

Interstitial fluid –> lymphatic capillaries become lymph vessels –> Lymphatic nodes –> larger lymphatic vessels –> lymphatic trunks –> lymphatic collecting ducks –> subclavian vein

Question 23

What is carried/returned in the lymphatic pathway?

Answer 23

Lymphatic system carries excess fluid from interstitial spaces back to the bloodstream

Question 24

What are lymphatic capillaries?

Answer 24

Microscopic, closed-ended, thin-walled tubes that run parallel to blood capillaries throughout the body

Question 25

What are the walls of lymphatic capillaries formed by?

Answer 25

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 26

What type of valves do lymphatic vessels feature?

Answer 26

Semilunar valves

Question 27

What three layers are lymphatic vessels composed of?

Answer 27

-Inner endothelial lining -Middle smooth muscle layer -Out connective tissue layer

Question 28

What are lymphatic trunks?

Answer 28

Trunks that drain lymph from lymphatic vessels

Question 29

How are lymphatic trunks named?

Answer 29

For the regions in which they serve

Question 30

What does the thoracic duct drain?

Answer 30

Lymph from the lower body (more than the right lymphatic duct)

Question 31

What does the right lymphatic duct drain?

Answer 31

Lymph from the right upper limb, thorax, head, and neck (less than thoracic duct)

Question 32

What can surgeries that disrupt lymph nodes cause?

Answer 32

Edema

Question 33

What is lymph?

Answer 33

Tissue fluid that has entered a lymphatic capillary

Question 34

What is lymph similar to?

Answer 34

Blood plasma excepts lacks plasma proteins

Question 35

What three things are required for lymph to flow through the lymphatic system?

Answer 35

Muscle activity, smooth muscles in larger vessels, and valves

Question 36

What four things does the lymphatic system transport?

Answer 36

-Dietary fats -Small proteins -Excess interstitial fluid -Foreign particles

Question 37

What are two cell types that lymphatic tissue contains?

Answer 37

Lymphocytes and macrophages

Question 38

How are lymph nodes shaped?

Answer 38

Bean-shaped and less than 2.5cm long

Question 39

What 2 things do lymph nodes contain?

Answer 39

Lymphocytes to attack viruses and macrophages to engulf and destroy foreign substances

Question 40

Where are lymph nodes found?

Answer 40

In groups or chains along paths of large lymph vessels

Question 41

What are the three the functions of lymph nodes?

Answer 41

-Filter potentially harmful particles -Immune surveillance -Sites for lymphocyte production

Question 42

What is the thymus?

Answer 42

A soft, bilobed gland

Question 43

Where is the thymus located?

Answer 43

In the mediastinum (between the two lungs)

Question 44

What is the thymus filled with?

Answer 44

T-cell lymphocytes

Question 45

B-cells?

Answer 45

Antibody related immunity

Question 46

T-cells?

Answer 46

Destruction of infected cells

Question 47

What is the largest lymphatic organ?

Answer 47

Spleen

Question 48

What does the spleen resemble?

Answer 48

Large lymph node

Question 49

What are the two tissue types of the spleen?

Answer 49

White pulp: lymphocytes Red pulp: RBCs, lymphocytes, and macrophages

Question 50

What does the spleen do?

Answer 50

Filters blood like lymph nodes