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Z Winter Break A&P II > Pages 32-39 > Flashcards

Pages 32-39 Flashcards

1
Q

Pressure for blood vessels arteriolar end?

A

11mm of Hg outward

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2
Q

Pressure for blood vessels venular end?

A

8 mm of Hg inward

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3
Q

Venules?

A

Microscopic vessels that transport blood from capillaries to veins

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4
Q

Two features of veins?

A

Thinner walls than arteries (carry blood at lower pressure)
Flap like valves

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5
Q

What does blood pressure generally refer to?

A

The force that blood exerts against the inner walls of blood vessels. Generally refers to the pressure in systemic arteries

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6
Q

What is the purpose of blood pressure?

A

Circulate the blood

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7
Q

What happens to arterial blood pressure when heart contracts/relaxes?

A

Rises when ventricles contract and fall when the relax

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8
Q

Systolic pressure (SP)?

A

Max pressure release during ventricular contraction

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9
Q

Diastolic pressure (DP)?

A

The minimum pressure remaining before next ventricular contraction

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10
Q

Pulse pressure (PP)?

A

Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

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11
Q

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

A

The average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle (systole and diastole)

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12
Q

Stroke volume?

A

Volume of blood that enters the arteries with each ventricular contraction

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13
Q

Cardiac output?

A

Volume of blood discharged from a ventricle each minute (stroke volume x heart rate = cardiac output)

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14
Q

Blood volume?

A

Sum of the volume of plasma and formed elements (about 5L)

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15
Q

Blood pressure is directly proportional to ____ ____?

A

Blood volume

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16
Q

Peripheral resistance (PR)?

A

Force of friction between blood and walls of blood vessels

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17
Q

Viscosity?

A

The difficulty with which molecules in fluid flow past each other (The state of being thick or sticky)

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18
Q

Blood pressure = ____ ____ x ____ ____?

A

Cardiac output x peripheral resistance

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19
Q

What system is the lymphatic system closely associated with?

A

Cardiovascular system

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20
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

A vast system of cells and biochemicals that travel in lymphatic vessels

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21
Q

What are the three functions of the lymphatic system?

A

-Transport excess fluid away from the interstitial spaces and return it to the blood stream
-Absorb lipids from the digestive system and transport them to bloodstream
-Defend against disease

22
Q

What is the order in which lymph travels through the lymphatic system?

A

Interstitial fluid –> lymphatic capillaries become lymph vessels –> Lymphatic nodes –> larger lymphatic vessels –> lymphatic trunks –> lymphatic collecting ducks –> subclavian vein

23
Q

What is carried/returned in the lymphatic pathway?

A

Lymphatic system carries excess fluid from interstitial spaces back to the bloodstream

24
Q

What are lymphatic capillaries?

A

Microscopic, closed-ended, thin-walled tubes that run parallel to blood capillaries throughout the body

25
Q

What are the walls of lymphatic capillaries formed by?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

26
Q

What type of valves do lymphatic vessels feature?

A

Semilunar valves

27
Q

What three layers are lymphatic vessels composed of?

A

-Inner endothelial lining
-Middle smooth muscle layer
-Out connective tissue layer

28
Q

What are lymphatic trunks?

A

Trunks that drain lymph from lymphatic vessels

29
Q

How are lymphatic trunks named?

A

For the regions in which they serve

30
Q

What does the thoracic duct drain?

A

Lymph from the lower body (more than the right lymphatic duct)

31
Q

What does the right lymphatic duct drain?

A

Lymph from the right upper limb, thorax, head, and neck (less than thoracic duct)

32
Q

What can surgeries that disrupt lymph nodes cause?

A

Edema

33
Q

What is lymph?

A

Tissue fluid that has entered a lymphatic capillary

34
Q

What is lymph similar to?

A

Blood plasma excepts lacks plasma proteins

35
Q

What three things are required for lymph to flow through the lymphatic system?

A

Muscle activity, smooth muscles in larger vessels, and valves

36
Q

What four things does the lymphatic system transport?

A

-Dietary fats
-Small proteins
-Excess interstitial fluid
-Foreign particles

37
Q

What are two cell types that lymphatic tissue contains?

A

Lymphocytes and macrophages

38
Q

How are lymph nodes shaped?

A

Bean-shaped and less than 2.5cm long

39
Q

What 2 things do lymph nodes contain?

A

Lymphocytes to attack viruses and macrophages to engulf and destroy foreign substances

40
Q

Where are lymph nodes found?

A

In groups or chains along paths of large lymph vessels

41
Q

What are the three the functions of lymph nodes?

A

-Filter potentially harmful particles
-Immune surveillance
-Sites for lymphocyte production

42
Q

What is the thymus?

A

A soft, bilobed gland

43
Q

Where is the thymus located?

A

In the mediastinum (between the two lungs)

44
Q

What is the thymus filled with?

A

T-cell lymphocytes

45
Q

B-cells?

A

Antibody related immunity

46
Q

T-cells?

A

Destruction of infected cells

47
Q

What is the largest lymphatic organ?

A

Spleen

48
Q

What does the spleen resemble?

A

Large lymph node

49
Q

What are the two tissue types of the spleen?

A

White pulp: lymphocytes
Red pulp: RBCs, lymphocytes, and macrophages

50
Q

What does the spleen do?

A

Filters blood like lymph nodes

Z Winter Break A&P II (11 decks)

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