Pages 105-115

Question 1

Gametes?

Answer 1

Sex cells/reproductive cells

Question 2

How many chromosomes does a normal cell in the body have?

Answer 2

46

Question 3

How many chromosomes does a gamete have?

Answer 3

23

Question 4

What process is responsible for giving gametes half the number of chromosomes?

Answer 4

Meiosis

Question 5

What are the four phases of meiosis?

Answer 5

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telephase

Question 6

What is the primary sex organs of a male?

Answer 6

2 testes

Question 7

What two things are produced in the testes?

Answer 7

Spermatozoa and testosterone

Question 8

Tunica albuginea?

Answer 8

Tough fibrous capsule enclosing each testi

Question 9

How many lobules are there in the testes?

Answer 9

About 250 in each one

Question 10

Seminiferous tubules function?

Answer 10

Spermatogenesis

Question 11

What do spermatogenic cells give rise to?

Answer 11

Sperm

Question 12

Cells of Leydig/interstitial cells function?

Answer 12

Produce testosterone

Question 13

Sustentacular/sertoli cells function?

Answer 13

Support and nourish cells during spermogenesis

Question 14

Three structures of sperm cells?

Answer 14

-Head
-Midpiece
-Tail/flagellum

Question 15

Head of sperm cell contain?

Answer 15

Contain a nucleus and 23 chromosomes and an acrosome

Question 16

Acrosome function?

Answer 16

Breakdown egg cell so it can be fertilized

Question 17

What does the midpiece of sperm cell contain?

Answer 17

Mitochondria and ATP for swimming

Question 18

Tail/flagellum of sperm cell contain?

Answer 18

Microtubules for swimming

Question 19

Epididymis?

Answer 19

Narrow, tightly coiled tubes at the top of each testis that promotes maturation of sperm cells

Question 20

Ductus deferens?

Answer 20

45cm long tubes that extends from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

Question 21

Seminal vesicles?

Answer 21

Each is attached to the ductus deferens near the urinary bladder. It secretes an alkaline fluid to regulate pH of male and female reproductive tracts

Question 22

Bulbourethral gland function?

Answer 22

Produce pre-ejaculate to sterilize the urethra and lubricate the penis

Question 23

____ + ____ semen?

Answer 23

Sperm + secretions (from accessory glands)

Question 24

Why does semen contain prostaglandins?

Answer 24

Promotes contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus

Question 25

Scrotum?

Answer 25

Pouch of skin and subcutaneous tissue located behind the penis

Question 26

Dantos muscle?

Answer 26

A smooth muscle that responds to temperature change to testis are kept 5 degrees below body temp

Question 27

The function of the penis?

Answer 27

Convey urine and semen thru the urethra to the outside of the body

Question 28

What are the two parts that make up erectile tissue?

Answer 28

Corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum

Question 29

What are female sex cells called?

Answer 29

Oocytes

Question 30

What four things does the female reproductive system do?

Answer 30

-Transport oocytes to the site of fertilization -Provide favorable environment -Transport offspring -Produce female sex hormones

Question 31

What is the primary female sex organ?

Answer 31

Ovaries

Question 32

What does the ovarian medulla contain?

Answer 32

Blood vessels and nerves

Question 33

What does the ovarian cortex consist of?

Answer 33

Compact tissue with a granular appearance due to ovarian follicles

Question 34

What is an ovarian follicle?

Answer 34

A small fluid-filled sac that contains and immature egg

Question 35

What is oogenesis?

Answer 35

Egg cell formation

Question 36

What is a zygote?

Answer 36

A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes/a fertilized ovum

Question 37

What are the two layers of a follicle?

Answer 37

Theca externa-connective tissue Theca interna-layer of cells produce steroids

Question 38

What are the accessory female reproductive organs?

Answer 38

Uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina

Question 39

What is another name for uterine tubes?

Answer 39

Fallopian tubes

Question 40

Infundibulum general definition?

Answer 40

A funnel-shaped cavity or structure

Question 41

Where does fertilization of the egg occur?

Answer 41

In the uterine tube

Question 42

What is the uterus?

Answer 42

A hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ

Question 43

What are the three parts of the uterus?

Answer 43

Fundus-top Body-upper 2/3 Cervix-lower 1/3

Question 44

What are the three layers of the uterus?

Answer 44

Endometrium-mucosa/inner layer Myometrium-muscle layer/middle layer Perimetrium-serosa/outer layer

Question 45

What is the vagina?

Answer 45

A fibromuscular tube that runs between the uterus and the outside of the body

Question 46

What is the vagina partially enclosed by?

Answer 46

Hymen

Question 47

What are the external female reproductive organs?

Answer 47

Vulva -labia majora -labia minora -clitoris -vestibular glands

Question 48

Labia majora?

Answer 48

Rounded folds of adipose tissue and skin

Question 49

Mons pubis?

Answer 49

Rounded elevation over symphysis pubis

Question 50

Libia minora?

Answer 50

Flattened longitudinal folds between labia majora

Question 51

Clitoris?

Answer 51

Hood-like covering that (corresponds to the penis) is a small projection at the anterior end of the vulva

Question 52

What does estrogen do in females?

Answer 52

-Stimulates enlargement of accessory reproductive organs -Thickens endometrium -Secondary sex characteristics

Question 53

What does progesterone do in females?

Answer 53

-Stimulates uterine change during menstrual cycles -Affects mammary glands

Question 54

What does the menstrual cycle cumulate in?

Answer 54

Menses/bleeding

Question 55

What is responsible for ovulation?

Answer 55

A surge in LH

Question 56

What three things occur in menopause?

Answer 56

-Menstrual cycle stops (40s-50s) -Ovaries no longer produce as much estrogen and progesterone -Hot flashes

Question 57

What is the exterior structure of the mammary gland?

Answer 57

A nipple surrounded by an areola

Question 58

What is the internal structure of the mammary gland?

Answer 58

Alveolar glands --> alveolar ducts --> lactiferous duct --> nipple --> orifice