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Z Winter Break A&P II > Pages 22-31 > Flashcards

Pages 22-31 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the caridovascular system?

A

Heart + all blood vessels

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2
Q

What is the order blood gets pumped through in the body? (vessel level)

A

Heart –> arteries –> arterioles –> capillaries –> venules –> veins

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3
Q

What does the pulmonary circuit do?

A

Transports oxygen-poor blood from the heart –> lungs –> heart

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4
Q

What is the systemic circuit?

A

Carries blood from heart to rest of the body

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5
Q

Mediastinum?

A

Area between the lungs

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6
Q

Where are the atria?

A

The upper chambers of the heart

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7
Q

Where are the ventricles?

A

Lower chambers of the heart and muscular pumps

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8
Q

Fibrous pericardium?

A

Outer, fibrous, supportive, protective layer that surrounds the heart

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9
Q

Pericardium?

A

Serous made up of 2 layers
-Parietal layer is deep to the fibrous pericardium
-Visceral layer is the inner layer of the serous membrane

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10
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A

Epicardium-outer layer/visceral pericardium
Myocardium-middle layer/cardiac muscle
Endocardium-inner layer

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11
Q

How does blood get pumped through the heart, lungs, and body?

A

Systemic circuit –> superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus –> right atrium –> tricuspid valve –> right ventricle –> pulmonary valve –> pulmonary trunk –> pulmonary arteries–> alveolar capillaries –> pulmonary veins –> left atrium –> mitral/bicuspid valve –> left ventricle –> aortic valve –> aorta –> systemic circuit

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12
Q

Coronary arteries?

A

Supply blood to tissues of the heart

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13
Q

What is the cardiac cycle?

A

The sequence of events that occurs during a single heartbeat

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14
Q

Systole?

A

Contraction

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15
Q

Diastole?

A

relaxation (expansion)

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16
Q

What occurs in atrial systole and ventricular diastole?

A

Ventricles relaxed –> valve opens –>70% of blood flows in while last 30% is pushed in via atrial systole

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17
Q

What does the heart sounds sound like?

A

Lubb-dubb

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18
Q

What causes the Lubb-dubb sound of the heart?

A

The closing of heart valves and the sudden changes in blood flow

19
Q

What causes the Lubb sound?

A

1st heart sound
Ventricular systole
Atrioventricular (av) valves closing

20
Q

What causes the Dubb sound?

A

2nd heart sound
Ventricular diastole
Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves closing

21
Q

What is a heart murmur of a valve?

A

Abnormal heart sound derived from incomplete closure of cusps of valves

22
Q

What is a functional syncytium?

A

A mass of merging cells that function as a unit

23
Q

What are the two types of syncytium in the heart?

A

Atrial and ventricular syncytium

24
Q

What is the order of the cardiac conduction system?

A

SA node –> atrial syncytium –> junctional fibers –> AV node –> AV bundle –> bundle branches –> purkinje fibers –> ventricular syncytium

25
Q

What is the primary pacemaker that initiates rhythmic contraction?

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

26
Q

What is an ECG?

A

EKG/electrocardiogram
A recording of the electrical changes that occur in myocardium during the cardiac cycle

27
Q

What 4 factors influence heart rate?

A

Physical exercise
Body temperature
Fight-or-flight
Concentration of K+ and Ca2+ ions

28
Q

Parasympathetic impulses via ____ ____ ____ heart rate?

A

Vagus nerve decrease

29
Q

Sympathetic impulses via ____ ____ ____ heart rate?

A

Accelerator nerve increase

30
Q

What provides sensory info in the aorta and carotid artery?

A

Baroreceptors

31
Q

What area of the brain is the cardiac control center?

A

Medulla oblangata

32
Q

Arteries?

A

Carry blood away from the ventricles of the heart

33
Q

Arterioles?

A

Receive blood from arteries and carry them to capillaries

34
Q

Capillaries?

A

Site where substances are exchanged between blood and body cells

35
Q

Venules?

A

Take blood from capillaries to veins

36
Q

Veins?

A

Recieve blood from venules and carry it back to the atria of the heart

37
Q

What are the three layers of arteries?

A

Tunica interna: innermost layer
Tunica media: smooth muscle and elastic tissue
Tunica external: out layer of connective tissue

38
Q

How does diffusion in capillaries occur?

A

Lipid-soluble substances diffuse thru the cell membrane (High concentration to low concentration)

39
Q

Filtration?

A

Hydrostatic pressure forces molecules through the membrane

40
Q

Osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water

41
Q

Osmotic pressure?

A

Draws water into capillaries opposing filtration

42
Q

What occurs at the arteriolar end of a capillary?

A

Water and other substances leave the capillary because hydrostatic pressure is greater than osmotic pressure

43
Q

What occurs at the venular end of the capillary?

A

Water enters the capillary because osmotic pressure is greater than hydrostatic pressure

Z Winter Break A&P II (11 decks)

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