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NBDE anatomy > page 218-237 > Flashcards

page 218-237 Flashcards

1
Q

root formation

A

Begins at the cervical loop (where the IEE and OEE join) after enamel is first formed.

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2
Q

As the cervical loop elongates, ——– is

formed, which shapes the root(s) and ultimately surrounds the majority of

the ——-. Its most apical segment, the —— ——–, turns

———-, ensuring that the root tapers as odontogenesis proceeds.

A

As the cervical loop elongates, Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS) is

formed, which shapes the root(s) and ultimately surrounds the majority of

the dental papilla. Its most apical segment, the epithelial diaphragm, turns

medially, ensuring that the root tapers as odontogenesis proceeds.

(root formation)

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3
Q

As root formation continues, the tooth erupts, leaving the ——- ——–

always at the same location. This eventually forms the —– foramen.

A

As root formation continues, the tooth erupts, leaving the epithelial diaphragm

always at the same location. This eventually forms the apical foramen.

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4
Q

As ——- dentin is formed, —– begins to disintegrate, leaving behindpatches of epithelial cells called —– ——- ——-

A

As radicular dentin is formed, HERS begins to disintegrate, leaving behindpatches of epithelial cells called epithelial rests of Malassez.

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5
Q

The collapse of HERS enables ectomesenchymal cells of the dental follicle to contact dentin and differentiate into the formative cells of the periodontium:

x

y

z

A

cementoblasts (forming cementum), osteoblasts (forming alveolar bone proper), and fibroblasts (forming the PDL).

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6
Q

tooth eruption

As the tooth erupts into the oral cavity, the —- fuses with the —– ——–,

forming the ——– junction (epithelial attachment).

A

As the tooth erupts into the oral cavity, the REE fuses with the oral epithelium,

forming the dentogingival junction (epithelial attachment).

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7
Q
A
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8
Q

—– —- later migrates apically along the tooth to its normal position in which

the most apical cells of the JE are at the —-.

A delay in this apical migration

is known as delayed (altered) —— eruption.

A

dentogingival junction (epithelial attachment). later migrates apically along the tooth to its normal position in which

the most apical cells of the JE are at the CEJ. A delay in this apical migration

is known as delayed (altered) passive eruption.

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9
Q
A
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10
Q
A
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11
Q

fertilization

A

Capacitation and acrosomal reaction of sperm.

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12
Q

entry of spermatozoa

Inhibition of polyspermy.

A

Acrosome reaction: Sperm releases enzymes to penetrate outer surface

of egg.

Cortical (zona) reaction: Sperm alters zona pellucida, preventing

other sperm from binding.

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13
Q

Meiosis II occurs in oocyte.

A

Barr body (second polar body).

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14
Q

Fusion of male and female pronuclei.

A

zygote

restoring diploids

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15
Q
A
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16
Q
A
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17
Q
A
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18
Q
A
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19
Q
A
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20
Q

BILAMINAR DISC

■ Occurs in the —- week.

■ Epiblast (primary ectoderm).

■ Amniotic cavity.

■ Ultimately gives rise to:

A

BILAMINAR DISC

■ Occurs in the second week.

■ Epiblast (primary ectoderm).

■ Amniotic cavity.

■ Ultimately gives rise to:

■ Ectoderm.

■ Mesoderm.

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21
Q
A
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22
Q
A
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23
Q

FETAL CIRCULATION

See Figure 4–12.

Oxygenated blood to heart via

A

Umbilical vein.

Inferior vena cava.

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24
Q

Foramen ovale

A

■ Allows most of the oxygenated blood to bypass the pulmonary circuit.

■ Pumps out the aorta to the head.

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25
Q
A
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26
Q

Deoxygenated blood returned via

■ Superior vena cava.■

A

■ Superior vena cava.

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27
Q

deoxy blood

A

Mostly pumped through the pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus to the:

■ Feet.

■ Umbilical arteries.

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28
Q

ectoderm of skin

A
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29
Q

endorm

A
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30
Q

mesoderm

A
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31
Q
A
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32
Q
A
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33
Q
A
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38
Q

Forebrain 1st and 2nd subsets

A

1; Prosencephalon

2; Telencephalon diencephalon

39
Q

Cerebrum, basal

ganglia

A

telencephalon

40
Q

diencephalon

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Epithalamus

Subthalamus

Posterior pituitary

(neurohypophysis)

41
Q

midbrain

A

midbrain

mesencephalon

42
Q

pons

A

metaencephalon of hindbrain

43
Q

med. obl.

A

myencephalon of hindbrain

44
Q

Neuroblasts → neurons

Ependymal cells (lining ventricles, central canal)

Glioblasts-astrocytes, oligodenrocytes (myelin in CNS)

45
Q

microglia

A

mesenchymal derivative

46
Q

neural crest

A

Sensory ganglia (CNs V, VII, IX, X)

Dorsal root ganglia (in peripheral nervous system)

Schwann cells (peripheral)

Melanocytes and odontoblasts

47
Q

Enterochromaffin cells

Neurons in parasympathetic and sympathetic

ganglia (adrenal medulla)

Leptomeninges (pia and arachnoid)

Parafollicular cells (C-cells) of parathyroid

A

from neural crest

48
Q

Aortic arch arteries

■

A

Form during week 4.

49
Q

Arise from distal truncus arteriosus (aortic sac).

■ Associated with corresponding pharyngeal arch.

A

aortic arch art

50
Q

Connect to the paired dorsal aortae.

■ Dorsal aortae fuse in week 5 to form:

Descending thoracic aorta.

Abdominal aorta.

A

aortic arch art.

51
Q

Maxillary artery

A

aortic arch 1

52
Q

Hyoid artery

Stapedial artery

A

aortic arch 2

53
Q

aortic arch 3

A

Common carotid artery

ICA (first part)

54
Q

aortic arch and r. subclavia

A

arotci arch 4

55
Q

involutes

A

aortic arch 5

56
Q

Pulmonary arteries (proximal)

Ductus arteriosus

A

aortic arch 6

57
Q

Celiac trunk

58
Q

Vagus nerve

(parasympathetic)

Splanchnic nerve (sympathetic)

Thoracic nerve

Pancreas

59
Q

4gut

A

Esophagus

Duodenum (1st part)

sotmach

Liver

Gallbladder

Pancreas

60
Q

SMA

61
Q

Vagus nerve

(parasympathetic) parts)

Splanchnic nerve (sympathetic)

62
Q

DJI

Appendix

Ascending and

transverse colon

63
Q

IMA

64
Q

Pelvic splanchnic S2–S4) nerve– (parasympathetic)

Lumbar splanchnic nerve (sympathetic)

65
Q

sigmoid

rectum

colon(distal to splenic flexure)

66
Q

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8Gc0pEelJSU2xpa00

A

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GUVFDUWJFN0FqdWs

67
Q

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GSDk0dzV6QkVVbUk

A

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GOXZWRl9QU1RfRVU

68
Q

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GcFlTN0pQb210dE0

A

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GZF8zRWJ2V0lHQkE

69
Q

From intermediate mesoderm

■ Nephrogenic cord gives rise to:

A

■ Pronephros.

■ Mesonephros.

■ Metanephros.

70
Q

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GNC1QUWdkTWdGams

A

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GSk12Vlp6bFBvSHc

71
Q

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GX195bmdtM0lxeVU

A

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GQVlURXdqR19SQjg

72
Q

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GeTRNWXRUODNvbjQ

A

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GeTRNWXRUODNvbjQ

73
Q

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GU2NNU0JVVXFudnM

A

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GQkZqaERNWWFJZ2M

74
Q

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GdzE2OFFGNmxwdkU

A

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GR05oWS1KRUp3dTA

75
Q

br. arch

A

Rounded, mesodermal ridges (neural crest cells).

■ Form from proliferative activity of neural crest cells.

76
Q

Nerves (CNs V, VII, IX, X) are

A

branchiomeric because they originate

from the branchial arches.

■ Not from somites.

■ Develop about week 4 of life.

77
Q

br. arch

A

At the end of week 4 the arches are well-defined and visible externally.

78
Q

br. arch

A

During week 4 the first branchial arch divides into:

■ Mandibular process.

■ Maxillary process.

■ Weeks 5–6, arches are smaller, not seen on surface.

■ Arches 1–3 play role in forming face and oral cavity.

79
Q

br. arch 1

A

Arch 1

■ Mandible

■ Maxilla (most)

80
Q

br. arch 2 and 3

81
Q

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GV0JXTUdLQjVaZE0

A

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GTTFQckcxUnlCMEU

82
Q

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GNlhvQjVkU1NSRVk

A

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GdG9lTHJCR3d2VnM

83
Q

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8Gdl9aT3NlT2pJV0U

A

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GVE5oelRfS1FZOEU

NBDE anatomy (23 decks)

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