page 188 to 197 Flashcards
short loop of henle
cortical nephron
intermediate nephron
medium loop of henle
long loop of henle
juxtamedullary nephron
travels from urinary bladder through prostate gland
prosteatic urethra
widest and most dilatable
prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
end of prostate through body wall to penis
shortest and least dilatable
membranous urethra
penile urethra
travel length of penis within corpus spongiosum
longest and narrowest
penile urethra
short(3-5 cm)
extends from urinary bladder to vaginal vestibule
female urethra
make sperm and steroids
testis
thick CT over Testes
tunica albuginea
many lobules and
1-4 sem. tubules
testes
site of spermatogenesis
sem. tubules
sits on post testes
has ductus epididymis
stores sperm
epipdydimis
ep cell have sterocilia which inc SA for nutrient absorption for sperm
epididymis
seminal fluid
secretions from seminle vesicles
and prostate
in sem. tubules
leydig and sertoli cells
producte test; produce test fluid
leydig to sertoli cells
sperm cels
produced in sem. tubules but mature and are stored in epididymis
produce sperm
sperm cells
sem tubule
eff ductule
duct deferans join seminal vesicle duct
sem tubule
rete testes
eff ductule
ductus epididymis
duct deferans join seminal vesicle duct
ejac duct
surrounds proximal urethra
prostate gland
secretes acid phosphatase
fibrinolysin
citric acid
prostate gland
3 major masses of tissue surrounded by dense fibroelstic capsule(tunica albuginea)
penis
corpora cavernosa
2 dorsal sections of erectile tissue
corpus spongiosum
one ventral section with urethra
elliptical organ supported by broad lig of uterus
ovary
make ova and steroids(estrogen and progesterone)
ovary
inner medulla of ovary
vasc, nerve , cT
contains ov. follicle and site of oogenesis
outer cortex of ovary
bilat from ovaries to uterus
oviduct
adjacent to ovary
has fingerlike extensions carlled fimbriae
infidibulum
ampulla
longest secton of oviduct
site of fertilization
adjacent to uterus
isthmus
opening to uterus
uterine
sit eof embryonic and fetal development
uterus
endometrium
muc. layer shed during menustration
thickestlayer with SM
myometrium
perimetrium
ext layer with CT
has uterine gland
uterus
cervix
lower section of uterus connecting it to vagina
its mucosa isnt shed during menustrtion
uterus
vagina
lined with non ker. strat sq. ep
doesnt contain glands
vagina
mamm gland
has tubuloalveolar glands
seb glands
sweat glnds
milk
made by merocrine and apocrine secretions
lactation
reg. by sex hormones produced during pregnancy and is under control of pit and hyp.
protect agaisnt phys, chem, biological agents
skin
touch pain presure
snesory function of skin
homeostasis
reg body temp and water loss
function of skin
vit d from UV light
skin synthesize
strat sq. ker. ep
epidermis
ep mitotic activty
melanocyte, keratinocyte, other special cells
least cytodiff.
stratum basale
cub to low columnar
stratum basale
s. spinosum
spinous layer
34 cytoplasmic processes
langerhand cells extend into this layer
st. granulosum
cels are flttened and contain keratohyalin granules
organelles are diminished
s. lucidum
clear layer in thick skin(palms and soles)
cells are flattened with few organelles
s. corneum
keratinized layer
cells are flat and pyknotic with few organelles
Basement mem
links ep and dermis via hemides.
lamina lucida
lamina densa
type 4 coll.
PG
laminin
fibronectin
anchoring fibrils(type 7 collagen)
ret. lamina
ret fibers in basement membrane
(type 3 collagen)
dermis
thicker portion of skin
dense CT, vasc, lymphatics, nerve, sweat glands, seb glands, hair follicles
papp layer of dermis
thinner cellular less fibrous
dermal pappilae
projections that interdig. with ep. rete pegs
creating a variably toruous epidermal demris interface
has BV that supply overlying epidermis
Ret layer of dermis
thicker fibrous
less cellular
hypodermis
loose cT
vasc
lymph
adipose tissue
conc. in basal cell layer
special epidemral cells
make melanin
melanocytes
kearotin made
have well made tonofibrils and desmosomes
keratinocytes
langerhan cells
APC
extend into stat. spinosum
touch sensory cells
merkel cels
Free Nerve endings
most abundant nerve end
detect touch temp pain
extend into stratum granulosum
not encaps.
pressure and vibration receptors
pacinian corp.
touch receptors
meissners corps.
mechanoreceptors
ruffini endings
reg body temp
made of keratinized cells
hair
bulb
int. rooth sheath
ext root sheath
arrect pilli muscle
hair
reg body temp and have clear dark myoep. duct
eccrine glands
entrie body except lips and part of ext genitalia
eccrine glands
innerve by SNs
symp
eccrine gland
make prehormones
and have myoep ducts
apocrine glands
odorless serous secretions
apocrine glands
axilla areola
nipple
circum anal region
ext. genitalia
apocrine gland
SNS
symp. innerv
apocrine gland
sebocytes
sec. sebum
coats hair covered skin
outgrowth of ext rooth sheath of hair follicles
corneoscleral coat
cornea
transparent portion of eye
transitional zone b/n cornea and sclera
limbus
white of eye
sclera
vasc layer
dark brown color
choroid
smooth muscle
ciliary body
smooth muscle
(change pupil diameter
pigment part of eye
iris
pupil
center aperture of iris
pigment ep.
melanin containing cells
retina
neural retina
rods and cones
cornea to iris
ant chamber
iris to lens
post chamber
lens to neural retina
vitreous chmaber
out to in
pigment ep
photoreceptor cells
ext limiting membrane
outer plex layer
inner plex. layer
optic nerve fibers
pigment ep
photoreceptor cells
ext limiting membrane
outer nuc. layer
outer plex layer
inner nuclaer layer
inner plex. layer
ganglion cell layer
optic nerve fibers
internal limiting membrane
nuclei of rods and cones
outer nucelar layer
nuceli of horizontal
amacrine
bipolar
muller cell
inner nuclear layer
rods
sensitive to light
contain rhodopsin
sensitive to color
cones
and contain iodopsin
optic disc
collection of ret. gang cell nerve fibers leaving eye as optic nerve
l and r optic nerve meet at optic chiasm
optic disc
where central art vein of retina exit
central art. pierces otpic nerve and gains access to retina by emerging from center of optic disc and fans out
small blind spot on retina
3 mm to nasal side of macula
only part of retia w/o rods and cones
optic disc
temporal to optic disc
maculae lutea
detailed central vision
maculae lutea
fovea
center of macula
noBV
high [] of cones
area of sharpest vision
oral mucosa (out to in)
strat sq
subep. CT
strat sq
basement membr
subep. CT
submucosa
heratinized layer
cells are flattened and pyknotic with few organelles
stra. corneum
ker or non ker
strat. sq ep.
cells are flatened and contain keratohyalingranules
organelles are diminished
strat. gran.
spinous layer
cells have peripheal cytoplasmic processes
langerhand cells extend in this layer
strat. spinosum
site of all ep. mitotic activity
least cytodiff.
cub. to low colummnar
st. basale
type 4 coll and laminin
ep. attach,ment to basement memb.and is mediated by hemidesmososme
basement mem.
subep. CT
collagen and elastic fibers
ground substance
BV
nerves
inflam cells
lam propia
pappl layer-CT pappilae are projections that interdig. with ep rete pegs
crating a tortuous ep. CT interface
ret layer of lam propia
remainder of lam propia
submucosa
in aras of high compression
indistiginshuishible with lamina propia
make melanin
melanocytes
produce keratin
not present in all oral mucosa
keratinocytes
antigen presenting cells
langerhan cells
touch snesory cells
merkel cells
all oral mucosa have
strat sq ep.
gingiva
fibrous ker. tissue surrrounding tooth and is contiguous with per. lig and oral mucosa
strat sq. ker ep. with rete pegs
gingiva
extends from ging margin to mucoging. junction
gingiva
MGJ sep.
ging from alveolar mucosa
pink to brown
depending on amt of melanin which is correlated with cut. pigmentation
gingiva
layers of oral mucosa
ep.
lam propia
submucosa
periosteum
bone
bound to periosteuma nd cementum
attached ging.
40% of adult pop. have
stippling of attacheed ging.
stippling of attached ging
orange peel surface characteristic caused by intersection of ep rete pegs.
