page 168-177 Flashcards
1
Q
hip shoulder
A
ball and socket
2
Q
carpal bone
A
gliding
3
Q
elbow knee
A
hinge
4
Q
pivot
A
atlas axis
5
Q
radius ulna
A
ellipsoidal
6
Q
metacarple bone
A
saddle
7
Q
art. capsule
A
fibrous CT
surrounds joint
lined by synovial membrane
8
Q
art. cartieldge
A
layer of hyaline cart. that covers the articular bone surfaces .
9
Q
synovial cavity
A
lies within articular capsule and contains synovial fluid
10
Q
lines the articular capsule
produces synovial fluid
A
synovial membrane
11
Q
synovial fluid
A
lubricates the articular capsule
12
Q
origin is neural tube ectoderm
A
CNs
13
Q
brain and spinal cord
A
CNS
14
Q
Nuclei
A
cell body clusters of CNS
15
Q
neural crest ectoderm
A
origin of PNS
16
Q
ganglia
A
cell body clusters of CNS
17
Q
cranial and spinal nerve, ganglia, Nerve Ends
A
PNS
18
Q
perikaryon
A
has cell membrane
cyt.
nucelus
nuclei body(rER)
19
Q
axon
A
info away from cell body .one axon per cell body
20
Q
dendrite
A
conducts info to cell body. # of dendrite per cell is variable, depending on type of neuron
21
Q
cytoskeleton
A
actin
microtubule
neurofilament
22
Q
motor snesoyr mixed
A
neuron class
23
Q
unipolar neuron
A
one processs. sensory
24
Q
bipolar
A
2 processes
retina and ganglia of CN 8
25
multipolar
3 or more proceses
motor and mixed
26
junction that transmit impulse from one neuron to another,
or one neuron to effector cell
synapse
27
scaffold of BBB
reg. of metabolites
atrocytes
28
protoplasmic astrocyte
; gray matter
29
fibrous astrocyte
reg. of metabolite
30
myelination
oligodendrocyte
31
microglia
phagocytosis
32
epithelium of ventricle of brain
spinal cord
ependymal cells
33
secretion of CSF
choroidal cells
34
PNS
schwann cells
myelination
surround nerve processes
35
satellite cells
support and
surround nerve ganglia
36
electrical synapse
synaptic cleft is gap junction
located in smooth and cardiac muscle
37
chemical synapse
synaptic cleft is 20-30 mm intercellular space
38
nonconducting cells that insulate neurons
supporting cells
39
oligodendrocytes
CNS
40
multiplecells/ neuron
oligodendorocyte
41
schwann cells
PNS
42
1 cell/neuron
schwann cells
43
composed of several internodal tonguelike processes that wrap around axon
oligodendrocyte
44
composed of multiple layers concentrically wrapped around axon
schwann cell
45
myelin sheath
lipid rich layer surrounding and insulating myelinated axons
46
neurilemma
layr of myelin cell cytoplasm that contiguous with myelin sheath
47
node of ranvier
unmy. junction b/n 2 mylein cells.
48
myelin formation begins be4 --- and during --- --- postnatally
birth
1st year
49
transportation
buffer
thermoregulation
blood
50
erythrocyte
leukocyte
platelet
formed elements(cell portion)
51
H2O
8% of plasma
52
plasma
55% of blood(liquid protion)
53
80% of plasma
h2o
54
electrolyte
blood gases
hormones
enzymes
met. products
plasma component
55
protein component of Plasma(55)%
Albumin---\> reg. vasc . osmotic pressure
56
globulin --\> immunoglobulin
38% of protein of plasma
57
fibrinogen and clotting factor--\> hemostasis
part of protein component of plasma
58
tf rbc mostly transport CO2
F
O2(99%
59
nill nuc or mitochondrion
elastic
biconcave disc
RBC
60
life span of RBC
120 days
61
hemostasis
platelet
62
cytoplasmic fragment of megakaryocytes
platelet
63
no nucleus
Platelet
64
lifespan of 5-10 days
platelet
65
leukocyte
immunoreg.
inflammation
phagocytosis
hypersensitivity
66
nucleated but morphology is variable
leukocyte
67
variable life span
leukocyte
68
lipid membrane contain lipoportein and blood group surface markers
erythrocyte
69
amt. of bile pigment excreted by liver estimates the amt. of erythrocyte destruction/day
erythrocyte
70
cytoplasmic granules
eosinophils
basopi
neutrophils
granulocyte
71
lymphocyte
monocyte
agranulocyte
72
few cytoplasmic granule
agranulocyte
73
blood cell formation
hematopoiesis
74
all blood cells derived from
one pluripotent stem cell
75
hormone reg.
heamtopoiesis
76
occurs in bone marrow
hematopoeisis
77
3-5 lobes
neutrophil
78
2 lobes
eosinophil
79
2-3 lobes obscured by dense granules
basophils
80
large rond nucleus
lymphocyte
81
u shaped nucleus
monocyte
82
acute inflamtion
phagocytosis
neutrophil
83
phagocytosis
chronic inflamation
eosinophil
84
hypersensitivity
| (bind IgE)
basophil
85
chronic inflamtion
immunoreg
lymphocyte
86
chronic inflamation
phagocytosis
monocyte
87
peroxidase
histaminase
arylsulfatase
eosinophil
88
histamine
serotonin
heparin sulfate
basophil
89
few azurophilic
granules
lymphocyte
90
few azurophilic
granules
monocyte
91
specific granules
azurophilic granules
neutrophils
92
b/n arteries and arterioles
larges art. and medium arteries
93
b/n vneuls and vena cava
medium veins and large veins
94
tunica intima
simple squamous ep. resting on Basement mebrane and subend. CT
95
pluripotent stem cells diff. to
lymphois stem cell and myeloid stem cells
96
t and b cell come from
t and B cell
97
myeloid stem cells
granulocyte
monocyte
erythrocyte
megakaryoblast
98
platelet diff from
megakaryoblast
99
eosinophil
basophil
neutrophil
comes from granulocyte
100
smoth muscle
elastic fibers
tunica media
101
thicker in arteries
tunica media
102
tunica adventitia
CT with collagen and elastic fibers
thicker in veins
103
larger vessels contain vasa vasora
tunica adventitia
104
arteries
additional elastic layer called internal elastic membrane
105
endocardium
same as tunica intima
simple sq. ep.
106
myocardium
thickest portion of heart
and has cardiac muscle
107
pericardium
outer layer of CT and adipose tissue surrounded by simple sq. ep.
108
thickest tunica media
elastic\>smooth muscle
vasa vasora
elastic arteries
109
muscular art
thick tunica media
SM\> elastic fibers
vasa vasora
110
arterioles
thick tunica media
SM\> elastic fiberss
directly affect arterial BP
111
capillary
endothelial layer only
one arythrocyte cell wide
112
slowest velocity of blood flow
enable gas exchange and metabolite exchange via diffusion
Cap
113
thick tunica adventitia
venules
114
veins
thcikest tunica adventitia
115
some have valves and vasa vasora
veins
116
cardiac maintains own rhythmicity
cardiac muscle
117
SA node
pacmaker of heart
118
autonomic nerve
regulate rate of cardiac impulses
119
SA nodes--\> AV nodes\_\_\> bundle o His--\> purkinje fibers
cardiac conduction
120
in sinus rhthym every p wave
followed by QRS complex
121
yellowish plasma like liquid containing lymphocyte
lymph
122
absorbed in various tissues through body ; carried through systme of enclosed lymph vessels and drains to venous circulation
lymph
123
lymph
not pumped through vessel
relies on gravity, valves, skeletal muscles
124
tissue fluid to circulation
lymph system
125
lymph system
fat metabolites to ciruclation
126
lymph system
filter foreign agent in lymph node
127
lymph system
imunological surveilance against pathogen
128
drains upper right body
right lymphatic duct
129
goes to r. subclavian vein
r. lymphatic duct
130
thoracic duct
drains to left subclavian vein
drains majority of body
131
bone marrow
thymus
spleen
lymph
lymph vessle
LN
Lymph nodules
lymph system
132
tonsil appendix
peyer patch of ileum
lymph nodules
133
small encaps. organ that filter lymph
LN
134
macrophage and lymphocyte
process lymph in nodal cortical and trabecular sinuses
135
efferent\<
afferent vessels
136
distributed through body
conc. in ailla, groin, mesentaries, and kneck
LN
137
ext. capsule of LN
trabeculae extend into cortex and medulla
138
B cells
germinal nodules
outer cortex
139
primary nodules
secondary nodules
smal dormant cells
active germinal centers
140
paracortex
deeper cortex
has T cells
141
med. cords sep. by med. sinuses
inner medulla
142
b cells and macrophages
inner medlla
143
b cell maturation
bone marrow
144
pluripotent stem cells ; diff into pymphocytes and phagocytes
bone marrow
145
site of t cell maturation
growsin size from birth to puberty; reduced and replaced with ad. tissue in adulthood
thymus
146
doesnt contain aff. Lymph vessels
thymus
147
ext capsule of thymus
trabeculae extend into cortex and medulla
148
outer cortex of thymus
high conc. of T cells
149
inner medulla of thymus
thymic corpsucle
and has epithelioreticular cells
150
largest lymph organ
spleen
151
doesn't develop from primitive gut
spleen
152
develops from mes. cells of mesenchyme if primitive stomach
spleen
153
site of lymphocte prolif.
scavenging of large antigens and damaged arythrocytes and fetal erthropoiesis
doesnt contain aff. lymphatic lymph vessels.
spleen
154
ext. capsule of spleen
trabeculae to pulp
155
splenic nodules with B cells
white pulp
156
PALS (periarterial lymph sheath
surrounds central art
within white pulp
and has T cells.
157
red pulp
splenic sinuses separated by splenic cords
158
erythrocyte
monocyte
lymphoctye
spleen
159
PIT gland
pea shaped organ in sella turcica of sphenoid bones
master endcrine gland and vital to life
160
attached to hyp. via infidibulum
PIt gland
161
provides reg feedback to hyp.
PIT gland
162
inf and sup hypophyseal art
pit gland
163
own portal systme
PIT gland
164
adenohypophysis
Neurohypophysis
Ant vs. post PIT gland
165
bilobed organ located on anterolat. to upper trachea in ant triangle of kneck
thryoid gland
166
CT capsule
thyroid gland
167
numerous sec. follicles surround a gel like colloid
(inactive iodinated thyroglobulin)
thyroid gland
168
composed of numerous secretory follicles srrounding gel like colloid(inactive iodinated thyroglobulin)
thyroid gland
169
active cells (thryoid gland) stain basophilic inactive cells stain
acidophilic
170
T4T3
follicular cells
171
reg metabolism
T3 and 4
172
parafollicular cells
calcitonin
173
lower blood calcium
calcitonin from parafolliucular cells
174
small ovoid organ arranged in pairs located in thyroid CT
PT gland
175
own CT capsule
PT gland
176
from 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arch
PT gland
177
blood CA and PO4
PT gland
178
sup. cervical ganglion
PT gland
179
inf and Sup. thyroid arteries
PT glands
180
small cone shape gland located at back of 3rd ventricle of brain
Pineal gland
181
reg. sleep wake cycle
and adjusts to sudden changes in day length
pineal gland
182
contain NT including melatonin
Pineal gland
183
