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NBDE anatomy > page 168-177 > Flashcards

page 168-177 Flashcards

1
Q

hip shoulder

A

ball and socket

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2
Q

carpal bone

A

gliding

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3
Q

elbow knee

A

hinge

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4
Q

pivot

A

atlas axis

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5
Q

radius ulna

A

ellipsoidal

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6
Q

metacarple bone

A

saddle

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7
Q

art. capsule

A

fibrous CT

surrounds joint

lined by synovial membrane

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8
Q

art. cartieldge

A

layer of hyaline cart. that covers the articular bone surfaces .

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9
Q

synovial cavity

A

lies within articular capsule and contains synovial fluid

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10
Q

lines the articular capsule

produces synovial fluid

A

synovial membrane

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11
Q

synovial fluid

A

lubricates the articular capsule

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12
Q

origin is neural tube ectoderm

A

CNs

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13
Q

brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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14
Q

Nuclei

A

cell body clusters of CNS

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15
Q

neural crest ectoderm

A

origin of PNS

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16
Q

ganglia

A

cell body clusters of CNS

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17
Q

cranial and spinal nerve, ganglia, Nerve Ends

A

PNS

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18
Q

perikaryon

A

has cell membrane

cyt.

nucelus

nuclei body(rER)

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19
Q

axon

A

info away from cell body .one axon per cell body

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20
Q

dendrite

A

conducts info to cell body. # of dendrite per cell is variable, depending on type of neuron

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21
Q

cytoskeleton

A

actin

microtubule

neurofilament

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22
Q

motor snesoyr mixed

A

neuron class

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23
Q

unipolar neuron

A

one processs. sensory

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24
Q

bipolar

A

2 processes

retina and ganglia of CN 8

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25
Q

multipolar

A

3 or more proceses

motor and mixed

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26
Q

junction that transmit impulse from one neuron to another,

or one neuron to effector cell

A

synapse

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27
Q

scaffold of BBB

reg. of metabolites

A

atrocytes

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28
Q

protoplasmic astrocyte

A

; gray matter

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29
Q

fibrous astrocyte

A

reg. of metabolite

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30
Q

myelination

A

oligodendrocyte

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31
Q

microglia

A

phagocytosis

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32
Q

epithelium of ventricle of brain

spinal cord

A

ependymal cells

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33
Q

secretion of CSF

A

choroidal cells

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34
Q

PNS

schwann cells

A

myelination

surround nerve processes

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35
Q

satellite cells

A

support and

surround nerve ganglia

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36
Q

electrical synapse

A

synaptic cleft is gap junction

located in smooth and cardiac muscle

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37
Q

chemical synapse

A

synaptic cleft is 20-30 mm intercellular space

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38
Q

nonconducting cells that insulate neurons

A

supporting cells

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39
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

CNS

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40
Q

multiplecells/ neuron

A

oligodendorocyte

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41
Q

schwann cells

A

PNS

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42
Q

1 cell/neuron

A

schwann cells

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43
Q

composed of several internodal tonguelike processes that wrap around axon

A

oligodendrocyte

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44
Q

composed of multiple layers concentrically wrapped around axon

A

schwann cell

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45
Q

myelin sheath

A

lipid rich layer surrounding and insulating myelinated axons

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46
Q

neurilemma

A

layr of myelin cell cytoplasm that contiguous with myelin sheath

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47
Q

node of ranvier

A

unmy. junction b/n 2 mylein cells.

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48
Q

myelin formation begins be4 — and during — — postnatally

A

birth

1st year

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49
Q

transportation

buffer

thermoregulation

A

blood

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50
Q

erythrocyte

leukocyte

platelet

A

formed elements(cell portion)

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51
Q

H2O

A

8% of plasma

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52
Q

plasma

A

55% of blood(liquid protion)

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53
Q

80% of plasma

A

h2o

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54
Q

electrolyte

blood gases

hormones

enzymes

met. products

A

plasma component

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55
Q

protein component of Plasma(55)%

A

Albumin—> reg. vasc . osmotic pressure

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56
Q

globulin –> immunoglobulin

A

38% of protein of plasma

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57
Q

fibrinogen and clotting factor–> hemostasis

A

part of protein component of plasma

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58
Q

tf rbc mostly transport CO2

A

F

O2(99%

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59
Q

nill nuc or mitochondrion

elastic

biconcave disc

A

RBC

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60
Q

life span of RBC

A

120 days

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61
Q

hemostasis

A

platelet

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62
Q

cytoplasmic fragment of megakaryocytes

A

platelet

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63
Q

no nucleus

A

Platelet

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64
Q

lifespan of 5-10 days

A

platelet

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65
Q

leukocyte

A

immunoreg.

inflammation

phagocytosis

hypersensitivity

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66
Q

nucleated but morphology is variable

A

leukocyte

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67
Q

variable life span

A

leukocyte

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68
Q

lipid membrane contain lipoportein and blood group surface markers

A

erythrocyte

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69
Q

amt. of bile pigment excreted by liver estimates the amt. of erythrocyte destruction/day

A

erythrocyte

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70
Q

cytoplasmic granules

eosinophils

basopi

neutrophils

A

granulocyte

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71
Q

lymphocyte

monocyte

A

agranulocyte

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72
Q

few cytoplasmic granule

A

agranulocyte

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73
Q

blood cell formation

A

hematopoiesis

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74
Q

all blood cells derived from

A

one pluripotent stem cell

75
Q

hormone reg.

A

heamtopoiesis

76
Q

occurs in bone marrow

A

hematopoeisis

77
Q

3-5 lobes

A

neutrophil

78
Q

2 lobes

A

eosinophil

79
Q

2-3 lobes obscured by dense granules

A

basophils

80
Q

large rond nucleus

A

lymphocyte

81
Q

u shaped nucleus

A

monocyte

82
Q

acute inflamtion

phagocytosis

A

neutrophil

83
Q

phagocytosis

chronic inflamation

A

eosinophil

84
Q

hypersensitivity

(bind IgE)

A

basophil

85
Q

chronic inflamtion

immunoreg

A

lymphocyte

86
Q

chronic inflamation

phagocytosis

A

monocyte

87
Q

peroxidase

histaminase

arylsulfatase

A

eosinophil

88
Q

histamine

serotonin

heparin sulfate

A

basophil

89
Q

few azurophilic

granules

A

lymphocyte

90
Q

few azurophilic

granules

A

monocyte

91
Q

specific granules

azurophilic granules

A

neutrophils

92
Q

b/n arteries and arterioles

A

larges art. and medium arteries

93
Q

b/n vneuls and vena cava

A

medium veins and large veins

94
Q

tunica intima

A

simple squamous ep. resting on Basement mebrane and subend. CT

95
Q

pluripotent stem cells diff. to

A

lymphois stem cell and myeloid stem cells

96
Q

t and b cell come from

A

t and B cell

97
Q

myeloid stem cells

A

granulocyte

monocyte

erythrocyte

megakaryoblast

98
Q

platelet diff from

A

megakaryoblast

99
Q

eosinophil

basophil

neutrophil

A

comes from granulocyte

100
Q

smoth muscle

elastic fibers

A

tunica media

101
Q

thicker in arteries

A

tunica media

102
Q

tunica adventitia

A

CT with collagen and elastic fibers

thicker in veins

103
Q

larger vessels contain vasa vasora

A

tunica adventitia

104
Q

arteries

A

additional elastic layer called internal elastic membrane

105
Q

endocardium

A

same as tunica intima

simple sq. ep.

106
Q

myocardium

A

thickest portion of heart

and has cardiac muscle

107
Q

pericardium

A

outer layer of CT and adipose tissue surrounded by simple sq. ep.

108
Q

thickest tunica media

elastic>smooth muscle

vasa vasora

A

elastic arteries

109
Q

muscular art

A

thick tunica media

SM> elastic fibers

vasa vasora

110
Q

arterioles

A

thick tunica media

SM> elastic fiberss

directly affect arterial BP

111
Q

capillary

A

endothelial layer only

one arythrocyte cell wide

112
Q

slowest velocity of blood flow

enable gas exchange and metabolite exchange via diffusion

A

Cap

113
Q

thick tunica adventitia

A

venules

114
Q

veins

A

thcikest tunica adventitia

115
Q

some have valves and vasa vasora

A

veins

116
Q

cardiac maintains own rhythmicity

A

cardiac muscle

117
Q

SA node

A

pacmaker of heart

118
Q

autonomic nerve

A

regulate rate of cardiac impulses

119
Q

SA nodes–> AV nodes__> bundle o His–> purkinje fibers

A

cardiac conduction

120
Q

in sinus rhthym every p wave

A

followed by QRS complex

121
Q

yellowish plasma like liquid containing lymphocyte

A

lymph

122
Q

absorbed in various tissues through body ; carried through systme of enclosed lymph vessels and drains to venous circulation

A

lymph

123
Q

lymph

A

not pumped through vessel

relies on gravity, valves, skeletal muscles

124
Q

tissue fluid to circulation

A

lymph system

125
Q

lymph system

A

fat metabolites to ciruclation

126
Q

lymph system

A

filter foreign agent in lymph node

127
Q

lymph system

A

imunological surveilance against pathogen

128
Q

drains upper right body

A

right lymphatic duct

129
Q

goes to r. subclavian vein

A

r. lymphatic duct

130
Q

thoracic duct

A

drains to left subclavian vein

drains majority of body

131
Q

bone marrow

thymus

spleen

lymph

lymph vessle

LN

Lymph nodules

A

lymph system

132
Q

tonsil appendix

peyer patch of ileum

A

lymph nodules

133
Q

small encaps. organ that filter lymph

A

LN

134
Q

macrophage and lymphocyte

A

process lymph in nodal cortical and trabecular sinuses

135
Q

efferent<

A

afferent vessels

136
Q

distributed through body

conc. in ailla, groin, mesentaries, and kneck

A

LN

137
Q

ext. capsule of LN

A

trabeculae extend into cortex and medulla

138
Q

B cells

germinal nodules

A

outer cortex

139
Q

primary nodules

secondary nodules

A

smal dormant cells

active germinal centers

140
Q

paracortex

A

deeper cortex

has T cells

141
Q

med. cords sep. by med. sinuses

A

inner medulla

142
Q

b cells and macrophages

A

inner medlla

143
Q

b cell maturation

A

bone marrow

144
Q

pluripotent stem cells ; diff into pymphocytes and phagocytes

A

bone marrow

145
Q

site of t cell maturation

growsin size from birth to puberty; reduced and replaced with ad. tissue in adulthood

A

thymus

146
Q

doesnt contain aff. Lymph vessels

A

thymus

147
Q

ext capsule of thymus

A

trabeculae extend into cortex and medulla

148
Q

outer cortex of thymus

A

high conc. of T cells

149
Q

inner medulla of thymus

A

thymic corpsucle

and has epithelioreticular cells

150
Q

largest lymph organ

A

spleen

151
Q

doesn’t develop from primitive gut

A

spleen

152
Q

develops from mes. cells of mesenchyme if primitive stomach

A

spleen

153
Q

site of lymphocte prolif.

scavenging of large antigens and damaged arythrocytes and fetal erthropoiesis

doesnt contain aff. lymphatic lymph vessels.

A

spleen

154
Q

ext. capsule of spleen

A

trabeculae to pulp

155
Q

splenic nodules with B cells

A

white pulp

156
Q

PALS (periarterial lymph sheath

A

surrounds central art

within white pulp

and has T cells.

157
Q

red pulp

A

splenic sinuses separated by splenic cords

158
Q

erythrocyte

monocyte

lymphoctye

A

spleen

159
Q

PIT gland

A

pea shaped organ in sella turcica of sphenoid bones

master endcrine gland and vital to life

160
Q

attached to hyp. via infidibulum

A

PIt gland

161
Q

provides reg feedback to hyp.

A

PIT gland

162
Q

inf and sup hypophyseal art

A

pit gland

163
Q

own portal systme

A

PIT gland

164
Q

adenohypophysis

Neurohypophysis

A

Ant vs. post PIT gland

165
Q

bilobed organ located on anterolat. to upper trachea in ant triangle of kneck

A

thryoid gland

166
Q

CT capsule

A

thyroid gland

167
Q

numerous sec. follicles surround a gel like colloid

(inactive iodinated thyroglobulin)

A

thyroid gland

168
Q

composed of numerous secretory follicles srrounding gel like colloid(inactive iodinated thyroglobulin)

A

thyroid gland

169
Q

active cells (thryoid gland) stain basophilic inactive cells stain

A

acidophilic

170
Q

T4T3

A

follicular cells

171
Q

reg metabolism

A

T3 and 4

172
Q

parafollicular cells

A

calcitonin

173
Q

lower blood calcium

A

calcitonin from parafolliucular cells

174
Q

small ovoid organ arranged in pairs located in thyroid CT

A

PT gland

175
Q

own CT capsule

A

PT gland

176
Q

from 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arch

A

PT gland

177
Q

blood CA and PO4

A

PT gland

178
Q

sup. cervical ganglion

A

PT gland

179
Q

inf and Sup. thyroid arteries

A

PT glands

180
Q

small cone shape gland located at back of 3rd ventricle of brain

A

Pineal gland

181
Q

reg. sleep wake cycle

and adjusts to sudden changes in day length

A

pineal gland

182
Q

contain NT including melatonin

A

Pineal gland

183
Q
A

NBDE anatomy (23 decks)

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