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NBDE anatomy > page 178-187 > Flashcards

page 178-187 Flashcards

1
Q

rathke pouch

A

adenohypophysis

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2
Q

lactotropes;

prolactin

A

mamm galdn development

adenohypophysis

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3
Q

somatotropes;

GH

A

general growth

AA uptake

protein synthesis

carb and fat breakdown

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4
Q

gonadotropes

A

from adenohypophysi

FSH for milk production

ovarian follicle maturation

spermatogenesis

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5
Q

LH

A

gonadotropes of Adenohypophysis

stimulate sex steroid secretion

and control ovulation

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6
Q

ACTH

A

Adenohypophysis

stim. glucocorticoid secretion

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7
Q

thyrotrope

TSH

A

adenohypophysis

thyroxines secretion and uptake of I2

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8
Q

pars intermedia

A

of adenohypophysis

lipotropes (lipotropic hormone)

no known human function

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9
Q

pars tuberalis

A

adenohypophysis

gonadotropes

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10
Q

pars nervosa

A

infidibulum of neurohypophysis

AdH

and oxytocin

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11
Q

adh

A

h20 reabsorption

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12
Q

oxytocin

A

uterine contraction and milk contraction

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13
Q

no secretory products in

A

infidibulum and median eminence

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14
Q

cheif cell

A

clear cytoplasm

secretes PTH

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15
Q

oxyphil

A

granules in cytoplasm

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16
Q

triangular organ sup to kidney

A

adrenal gland

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17
Q

surrounded by thick CT capsule

A

adrenal gland

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18
Q

reg feedback to hypothalamus and pit

A

adrenal gland

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19
Q

outer cortex and inner medulla

A

adrenal gland

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20
Q

mesoderm derived

A

outer cortex

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21
Q

zonula glomerulosa

A

produces mineral coritcoids

thin layer beneath capsule

ex. aldosterone

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22
Q

zonula fasciculata

A

glucocorticoids

hydrocortisone and cortisone

–> thick middle layer containing column of cells

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23
Q

zon. reticulares

A

innermost layer containing cell in network of connected cells

gonadocorticoids

sex steroids

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24
Q

inner medulla

A

neural crest ectoderm

chromofin cells

catecholamines

NE and Epe.

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25
Q

strat sq keratinized

A

vestibule of nasal cavity

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26
Q

peudostrat ciliated columnar

A

resp segment and olf. segment of nasal cavity

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27
Q

pseudostrat cil. columnar

A

nasopharynx

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28
Q

strat sq, nonker

A

oropharynx

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29
Q

strat sq nonker

A

vocal folds

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30
Q

pseudostrat ciliated columnar

A

vent. folds

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31
Q

pseudostrat ciliated columnar

A

C shaped hyaline cartieldge rings

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32
Q

pseudostrat. columnar

A

primary

extrapulm bronchi

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33
Q

simple columnar

A

terminal bronchiole

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34
Q

simple cub

A

resp. bronchiole

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35
Q

simple cuboidal

A

alv. duct and sac of alveoli

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36
Q

simply sq.

A

alveolar septa

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37
Q

nasal cavities

naso and oral pharynx

larynx trachea

bronchi

A

warms air, moistens, and removes particles

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38
Q

resp. ; gas exchange

A

bronchiole

alv. duct and sacs

alveoli

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39
Q

alveoli

A

site of gas exchange

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40
Q

sep. alveolar air spaces

A

alv septum

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41
Q

gas exchange

A

type 1 pneumocyte

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42
Q

joined by tight junction

A

type 1 pneumocyte

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43
Q

secretion

A

type 2 pneumocyte

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44
Q

pruduce surfactanct

A

type 2 pneumocyte

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45
Q

barrier

absorption

sec. barrier

A

upper dig. system

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46
Q

in to out of dig. system

A

mucosa

submucosa

musc. externa

serosa

adventitia

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47
Q

lamina propia of mucosa

A

underly CT and lymph tissue

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48
Q

smooth muscle

A

musc. mucosa of mucosal layer of Dig system

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49
Q

dense irreg CT

glands

submucosal plexus of unmy nerves and ganglia

A

submucosal layer of dig system

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50
Q

musc externa

A

SM

circle and long.

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51
Q

simple sq. ep

A

meosthelium of serosa

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52
Q

CT of serosa

A

adipose tissue

vasc

lymphatics

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53
Q

loose CT

A

adventita of upper dig system

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54
Q

food from oropharync to stomach

A

esphogus

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55
Q

ep of esophogus

A

non ker strat sq

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56
Q

glands of esophogus; mucus

A

esophogeal gland proper; upper portion

esophogeal cardiac glands; lower portion

innerv by CN 10

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57
Q

make chyme and mixing digested food

A

stomach

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58
Q

simple columnar ep and renews every 3-5 days

A

stomach

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59
Q

rugae

A

long folds along lumen of stomach accomodating expansion

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60
Q

depressions of mucosal surface into which gastric glands empty

A

gastric pits

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61
Q

junction of esophogus

A

cardiac of stomach

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62
Q

cardiac stomach

A

cardiac mucosal cells

(cardiac gland of stomach)

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63
Q

sec. soluble mucus

A

mucus kneck cells

(body of stomach)

fundic gland

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64
Q

cheif ccells

A

pepsinogen(convert pepsin via gastric HCL)

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65
Q

parietal cells

A

HCL

IF

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66
Q

parietal cells

A

lower stomach pH

essential for vit B12 absorption

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67
Q

enteroendocrine cells

A

gastrin

stim HCL secretion from parietal cells

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68
Q

pyloric gland

A

pyloric of stomach

pyloric mucosal cells–>secrete–viscous mucus

69
Q

pyloric

A

junction of SI

70
Q

fundic

A

body of stomach

71
Q

none submucosal

A

glands of stomach

72
Q

innervatin of stomach

A

Cn 10

73
Q

digestion of cyme and absorption

A

SI

74
Q

simple columnar and renews every 5-6 days

A

ep . of SI

75
Q

plicae ciruclares

A

transverse semilunar folds along lumen of SI.; provide SA

most numerous at duodenum jej. junction

76
Q

villi

A

finderlike projection of plicae

77
Q

micro fingerlike projection on enterocyte

provide inc. SA

and create brush border

A

microvilli

78
Q

shortest segment SI

A

duodenum

and has submucosal glands

79
Q

middle segment of SI

A

jejunum

more plicae and villie for inc. absorption

80
Q

longest segment of SI

A

lymphoid tissue (peyer patches)

81
Q

musc externa

A

myenteric plexus(b/n 2 layers of SM)

82
Q

segmentation

A

local contraction of SI

peristalsis (also part of SI)

83
Q

Int glands

A

throughout SI at base of villi

84
Q

only in duodenum

A

submucosal gland of brunner

85
Q

ep through SI

A

eneterocyte

86
Q

glycoprotein enzymes

A

enterocytes

87
Q

absorption and digestion

A

enterocyte

88
Q

mucus secretion

A

goblet cells

89
Q

ep throughout SI

A

goblet cells

90
Q

int gland throughout SI

and sec. lysozyme

A

paneth cells

91
Q

digest bac. cell wall

A

paneth cells

92
Q

in peyer patch

and absorption of antigens to underlying lymphatic tissue

A

paneth cells

93
Q

enteroendocrine cels

A

int. crypts throughout SI

secrete CCK

secretin

GIP

94
Q

inc panc secretion and bil sec.

A

CCK

95
Q

inc. panc HC)3 sec

A

Secretin

96
Q

dec. gastric acid secretion

A

GIP

97
Q

HCO3

A

neutralizes int. pH

98
Q

submucosal gland of brunner

A

mucosal cells of SI

99
Q

reabs of H20/ electrolyte and elimination of wasted

A

LI

100
Q

simple columnar and renew evey 5-6 days

A

ep of LI

101
Q

goblet cells lub. dehyd fecal mater

A

LI

102
Q

paneth cell s

A

not present in LI

103
Q

lining smooth surface

A

of LI

104
Q

no teniae coli

A

rectum

105
Q

musc externa

A

teniae coli; 3 long bands of muscle for peristalsis

haustra; individual segment allow for independent contraction

106
Q

int glands

crypts of lieberkuhm

A

LI

107
Q

Cn 10 to

A

asc and transverse colon

108
Q

pelvic splancnis nevre

A

to descending and sigmoid colon

109
Q

lamina propia

peyer patch

lymphoid agg

A

GALT

110
Q

liver exocrine

A

bile

111
Q

liver endocrine

A

albumin

lipopro.

alpha and beta globulin

prothrombin

fibronectin

112
Q

hep .artery

portal vein

bile duct

A

portal triad

113
Q

hex. stacks of hepatocytes sep. by anastomosing sinusoids

surround central vein

with protal triad at each corner

A

liver lobules

114
Q

nuclei of hepatocyte

A

binucleated

115
Q

acidphilic cytoplasm

A

hepatocyte

116
Q

Mit

golgi

rER

sER

peroxisomes sec. catalse and alc dehydrogenase

A

hepatocyte

117
Q

lysosome of hepatocyte

A

store Fe

118
Q

glycogen deposits

A

hepatocytes

119
Q

lipid drops

A

hepatocytes

120
Q

life span of hepatocytes

A

5 months

121
Q

can regen

A

hepatocytes

122
Q

hep. sinusoids

A

lined by thin discon. ep

no basement membrane

123
Q

gaps of hep sinusoids

A

b/n ep. cells

124
Q

fenestrae of hep. sinusoids

A

within ep, cells

125
Q

cell type of hep. sinusoisds

A

ep. cells

126
Q

biliary flow

A

hepatocyte

caniliculi

canalof herring

interlobular ducts

lobular ducts

common hep ducts

common bile ducts

duodenum(at ampulla of vater)

127
Q

kupfer cells

A

mononuclear macrophage

128
Q

ito cells

A

adipocytes in space of disse store Vit A

129
Q

site of xchange b/n blood and hepatocyte

A

perisinusoidal space(disse)

130
Q

biliary tree

A

transpots bile from hepaocyte to GB and duodenum

131
Q

small canal formed by grooves in adjacent hep.

A

caniliculi

132
Q

bile flow opp to

A

blood flow

133
Q

ampula vater

A

opening of common bile duct into duodenum

134
Q

spincter of boyden

A

at common bile duct

135
Q

at amupula of vater

A

spincter of oddi

136
Q

water electrolyte

chol

lecithhin

bile salt; glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid

bil pigments; bilirubin. biliverdin, glucoronide

A

Bile comp.

137
Q

conc. and store bile

A

gall bladder

138
Q

simple columnar

contain microvilli

lat. plications

A

Gall bladder

139
Q

rokintansky aschoff sinuses

A

deep diverticuli of mucosa of gall bladder

140
Q

no submucosa

A

gall bladder

141
Q

doesnt contain lymp vessels

A

lamina propia of Gallbladder

142
Q

mucin sec. glands

A

gall bladder

143
Q

exocrine of gall bladder

A

dig. enzymes

144
Q

end. of pancreas

A

glucagon

insulin

somatostatin

145
Q

produce dig. enzymes precursor

act by trypsin in lumen of SI

A

exocrine pancrease

146
Q

1st act by enterokinase

A

trypsinogen

147
Q

pesinogen

amylase

lipase

deoxyribunuclease

trypsinogen

ribonucelase

A

exo. pancrease

148
Q

panc. acini

A

exocrine pancreas

149
Q

cell type of exocrine pancreas

A

centroacinar cells

150
Q

reg. blood glucose level

A

end pancreas

151
Q

islet of langerhan

A

endocrine pancreas

152
Q

glucagon

A

alpha cell of panc. islets

153
Q

inc . blood glucose levels

inc. glycogenolysis

gluconeogenesis

hep lipase

A

alpha cell of panc. islets

154
Q

insulin

A

sec by beta cell of panc islets

155
Q

dec. blood glucose level

and inc. cell glucose level usage and storage

A

Beta

156
Q

somatostatin

A

sec by delta cell of Panc islets

157
Q

inh insulin and glucagon sec

A

delta cell of panc islets

158
Q

removes met. waste from kidney

conserve fluid

syn. erythropoeitin
syn. renin

hydroxylate Vit D

A

kidnye function

159
Q

thin, tough outer covering

A

capsule of kidnye

160
Q

glomerulus

A

10-20 in cortex

(renal corpsucle)

161
Q

bowman capsule

A

double layer ep covering

in cortex of kidney

162
Q

medulla

A

med. collecting duct

loop of henly

vasa recta

163
Q

prox and distal tubule and cortical Collecting duct

A

cortex of kidney

164
Q

macula densa

A

part of distal conv. tubule

165
Q

juxtaglomerular cells

A

modified SM cell

secrete renin

166
Q

phagocytic cells

A

extraglomerular mesangial cells

167
Q

absorp

filter

secrete

excretion

A

nephron

168
Q

glomerulus

bowman capsule

prox. conv. tubule

loope of henle

dist. con. tubule

A

nephron

169
Q
A

NBDE anatomy (23 decks)

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