page 178-187 Flashcards
rathke pouch
adenohypophysis
lactotropes;
prolactin
mamm galdn development
adenohypophysis
somatotropes;
GH
general growth
AA uptake
protein synthesis
carb and fat breakdown
gonadotropes
from adenohypophysi
FSH for milk production
ovarian follicle maturation
spermatogenesis
LH
gonadotropes of Adenohypophysis
stimulate sex steroid secretion
and control ovulation
ACTH
Adenohypophysis
stim. glucocorticoid secretion
thyrotrope
TSH
adenohypophysis
thyroxines secretion and uptake of I2
pars intermedia
of adenohypophysis
lipotropes (lipotropic hormone)
no known human function
pars tuberalis
adenohypophysis
gonadotropes
pars nervosa
infidibulum of neurohypophysis
AdH
and oxytocin
adh
h20 reabsorption
oxytocin
uterine contraction and milk contraction
no secretory products in
infidibulum and median eminence
cheif cell
clear cytoplasm
secretes PTH
oxyphil
granules in cytoplasm
triangular organ sup to kidney
adrenal gland
surrounded by thick CT capsule
adrenal gland
reg feedback to hypothalamus and pit
adrenal gland
outer cortex and inner medulla
adrenal gland
mesoderm derived
outer cortex
zonula glomerulosa
produces mineral coritcoids
thin layer beneath capsule
ex. aldosterone
zonula fasciculata
glucocorticoids
hydrocortisone and cortisone
–> thick middle layer containing column of cells
zon. reticulares
innermost layer containing cell in network of connected cells
gonadocorticoids
sex steroids
inner medulla
neural crest ectoderm
chromofin cells
catecholamines
NE and Epe.
strat sq keratinized
vestibule of nasal cavity
peudostrat ciliated columnar
resp segment and olf. segment of nasal cavity
pseudostrat cil. columnar
nasopharynx
strat sq, nonker
oropharynx
strat sq nonker
vocal folds
pseudostrat ciliated columnar
vent. folds
pseudostrat ciliated columnar
C shaped hyaline cartieldge rings
pseudostrat. columnar
primary
extrapulm bronchi
simple columnar
terminal bronchiole
simple cub
resp. bronchiole
simple cuboidal
alv. duct and sac of alveoli
simply sq.
alveolar septa
nasal cavities
naso and oral pharynx
larynx trachea
bronchi
warms air, moistens, and removes particles
resp. ; gas exchange
bronchiole
alv. duct and sacs
alveoli
alveoli
site of gas exchange
sep. alveolar air spaces
alv septum
gas exchange
type 1 pneumocyte
joined by tight junction
type 1 pneumocyte
secretion
type 2 pneumocyte
pruduce surfactanct
type 2 pneumocyte
barrier
absorption
sec. barrier
upper dig. system
in to out of dig. system
mucosa
submucosa
musc. externa
serosa
adventitia
lamina propia of mucosa
underly CT and lymph tissue
smooth muscle
musc. mucosa of mucosal layer of Dig system
dense irreg CT
glands
submucosal plexus of unmy nerves and ganglia
submucosal layer of dig system
musc externa
SM
circle and long.
simple sq. ep
meosthelium of serosa
CT of serosa
adipose tissue
vasc
lymphatics
loose CT
adventita of upper dig system
food from oropharync to stomach
esphogus
ep of esophogus
non ker strat sq
glands of esophogus; mucus
esophogeal gland proper; upper portion
esophogeal cardiac glands; lower portion
innerv by CN 10
make chyme and mixing digested food
stomach
simple columnar ep and renews every 3-5 days
stomach
rugae
long folds along lumen of stomach accomodating expansion
depressions of mucosal surface into which gastric glands empty
gastric pits
junction of esophogus
cardiac of stomach
cardiac stomach
cardiac mucosal cells
(cardiac gland of stomach)
sec. soluble mucus
mucus kneck cells
(body of stomach)
fundic gland
cheif ccells
pepsinogen(convert pepsin via gastric HCL)
parietal cells
HCL
IF
parietal cells
lower stomach pH
essential for vit B12 absorption
enteroendocrine cells
gastrin
stim HCL secretion from parietal cells
pyloric gland
pyloric of stomach
pyloric mucosal cells–>secrete–viscous mucus
pyloric
junction of SI
fundic
body of stomach
none submucosal
glands of stomach
innervatin of stomach
Cn 10
digestion of cyme and absorption
SI
simple columnar and renews every 5-6 days
ep . of SI
plicae ciruclares
transverse semilunar folds along lumen of SI.; provide SA
most numerous at duodenum jej. junction
villi
finderlike projection of plicae
micro fingerlike projection on enterocyte
provide inc. SA
and create brush border
microvilli
shortest segment SI
duodenum
and has submucosal glands
middle segment of SI
jejunum
more plicae and villie for inc. absorption
longest segment of SI
lymphoid tissue (peyer patches)
musc externa
myenteric plexus(b/n 2 layers of SM)
segmentation
local contraction of SI
peristalsis (also part of SI)
Int glands
throughout SI at base of villi
only in duodenum
submucosal gland of brunner
ep through SI
eneterocyte
glycoprotein enzymes
enterocytes
absorption and digestion
enterocyte
mucus secretion
goblet cells
ep throughout SI
goblet cells
int gland throughout SI
and sec. lysozyme
paneth cells
digest bac. cell wall
paneth cells
in peyer patch
and absorption of antigens to underlying lymphatic tissue
paneth cells
enteroendocrine cels
int. crypts throughout SI
secrete CCK
secretin
GIP
inc panc secretion and bil sec.
CCK
inc. panc HC)3 sec
Secretin
dec. gastric acid secretion
GIP
HCO3
neutralizes int. pH
submucosal gland of brunner
mucosal cells of SI
reabs of H20/ electrolyte and elimination of wasted
LI
simple columnar and renew evey 5-6 days
ep of LI
goblet cells lub. dehyd fecal mater
LI
paneth cell s
not present in LI
lining smooth surface
of LI
no teniae coli
rectum
musc externa
teniae coli; 3 long bands of muscle for peristalsis
haustra; individual segment allow for independent contraction
int glands
crypts of lieberkuhm
LI
Cn 10 to
asc and transverse colon
pelvic splancnis nevre
to descending and sigmoid colon
lamina propia
peyer patch
lymphoid agg
GALT
liver exocrine
bile
liver endocrine
albumin
lipopro.
alpha and beta globulin
prothrombin
fibronectin
hep .artery
portal vein
bile duct
portal triad
hex. stacks of hepatocytes sep. by anastomosing sinusoids
surround central vein
with protal triad at each corner
liver lobules
nuclei of hepatocyte
binucleated
acidphilic cytoplasm
hepatocyte
Mit
golgi
rER
sER
peroxisomes sec. catalse and alc dehydrogenase
hepatocyte
lysosome of hepatocyte
store Fe
glycogen deposits
hepatocytes
lipid drops
hepatocytes
life span of hepatocytes
5 months
can regen
hepatocytes
hep. sinusoids
lined by thin discon. ep
no basement membrane
gaps of hep sinusoids
b/n ep. cells
fenestrae of hep. sinusoids
within ep, cells
cell type of hep. sinusoisds
ep. cells
biliary flow
hepatocyte
caniliculi
canalof herring
interlobular ducts
lobular ducts
common hep ducts
common bile ducts
duodenum(at ampulla of vater)
kupfer cells
mononuclear macrophage
ito cells
adipocytes in space of disse store Vit A
site of xchange b/n blood and hepatocyte
perisinusoidal space(disse)
biliary tree
transpots bile from hepaocyte to GB and duodenum
small canal formed by grooves in adjacent hep.
caniliculi
bile flow opp to
blood flow
ampula vater
opening of common bile duct into duodenum
spincter of boyden
at common bile duct
at amupula of vater
spincter of oddi
water electrolyte
chol
lecithhin
bile salt; glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid
bil pigments; bilirubin. biliverdin, glucoronide
Bile comp.
conc. and store bile
gall bladder
simple columnar
contain microvilli
lat. plications
Gall bladder
rokintansky aschoff sinuses
deep diverticuli of mucosa of gall bladder
no submucosa
gall bladder
doesnt contain lymp vessels
lamina propia of Gallbladder
mucin sec. glands
gall bladder
exocrine of gall bladder
dig. enzymes
end. of pancreas
glucagon
insulin
somatostatin
produce dig. enzymes precursor
act by trypsin in lumen of SI
exocrine pancrease
1st act by enterokinase
trypsinogen
pesinogen
amylase
lipase
deoxyribunuclease
trypsinogen
ribonucelase
exo. pancrease
panc. acini
exocrine pancreas
cell type of exocrine pancreas
centroacinar cells
reg. blood glucose level
end pancreas
islet of langerhan
endocrine pancreas
glucagon
alpha cell of panc. islets
inc . blood glucose levels
inc. glycogenolysis
gluconeogenesis
hep lipase
alpha cell of panc. islets
insulin
sec by beta cell of panc islets
dec. blood glucose level
and inc. cell glucose level usage and storage
Beta
somatostatin
sec by delta cell of Panc islets
inh insulin and glucagon sec
delta cell of panc islets
removes met. waste from kidney
conserve fluid
syn. erythropoeitin
syn. renin
hydroxylate Vit D
kidnye function
thin, tough outer covering
capsule of kidnye
glomerulus
10-20 in cortex
(renal corpsucle)
bowman capsule
double layer ep covering
in cortex of kidney
medulla
med. collecting duct
loop of henly
vasa recta
prox and distal tubule and cortical Collecting duct
cortex of kidney
macula densa
part of distal conv. tubule
juxtaglomerular cells
modified SM cell
secrete renin
phagocytic cells
extraglomerular mesangial cells
absorp
filter
secrete
excretion
nephron
glomerulus
bowman capsule
prox. conv. tubule
loope of henle
dist. con. tubule
nephron
