Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NBDE anatomy > page 158 - 167 > Flashcards

page 158 - 167 Flashcards

1
Q

order

G1

G2

Mitosis

S

A

G1 S G2 M

G1 can go to G0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

period of dna synthesis

and takes 7 hours

A

S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chomatin condenses within nucleus. mitotic spindles form

A

Prophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

nuc. membrane and nucleoli dissappear.

chromosome line up at equatrial plate of mitotic spindle

A

metaphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

chromssome spit

A

anaphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

telophase

A

nuclear membrane forms around chromosome at poles. Chromosomes uncoil and nucleoli reappear.

cytoplasm divided to 2 daughterr cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

produce 4 daughter cels with half chromosome number as parent cel.

A

meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

beltlike junction completely seals off intercellular space b/n cells

A

tight junction(zonula occludens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

int. junction

A

beltlike junction leaving 15-20 nm wide intercellullar space b/n adjacent cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

desmosome

A

provide strong but localized adhesion sites b/n adjacent cells.

composed of attachment plaque on cytoplasic side of each adjoining cell surface to which intermediate filaments anchored,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cel-cell (band)

A

tight junction

int. junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cell-cell(focal)

A

desmosome

hemidesmosome

gap junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

adhesion is function

A

int. junction

desmosome

hemidesmosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

occlusion

A

tight junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

gap junction

A

communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

occludens and claudin

A

princ. proteins of tight juntion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

actin, cadherin

A

int. junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cadherin

A

desmosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

integrin

A

hemidesmosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

connexin

A

gap junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

various ep.

A

Tight junction

Int. junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

neurons

Smooth and

cardiac muscle

A

gap junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

epidermis and other ep

A

desmosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

eputhelium and oral mucosa

A

hemidesmosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

provide strong but localized attachment of ep cells to CT.

A

desmosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

gap junction

A

localized area of free commnication b/n adjacent cells.

enables passage of fluid , ions, and small mol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

receptors

sec. component of gland

lines body cavity

covers body surface

A

epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

barre

diffusion

absorption

secretory

transport

sensory

A

functions of ep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

one layer thick , touching Basement mebrane

A

simple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

2 or more cell layer thick, deepest touching basement membrane

A

stratified ep.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

pseudostratified ep.

A

one cell layer thick

all touch basement membrane

not all reach outer layer

columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

absorption, secretion, transport

A

simple columnar

presudostratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

simple squamous

A

barrier diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

barrier secretion, absorption

A

simple cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

barrier

A

strat. sq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

barrier secretion

A

strat cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

barrier transport

A

strat columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

barrier distension

A

transitional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

width > height

A

squamous ep.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

width =height

A

cuboidal ep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

height> width

A

columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

ranges form squamous to cuboidal

distensible

A

transitional ep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

line BV

A

endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

mesothelium

A

line all closd bode cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

connect ep basal layer to CT

A

Basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

attachment s

separation

filtration

scaffolding

A

functions ofBM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

components of Basement memrbane

A

electron clear layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

type 4 colagen

proteoglycans

laminin

fibronectin

anchor fibrils

A

lamanin densa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

reticular lamina

A

ret. fibers(type 3 collagen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

specialized CT

A

adipose tissue

blood

bone

cartieldge

lymphatic tissue

hematopoetic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

mesenchyme

mucus Ct

A

embryonic CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

loost CT

dense CT(reg and irreg)

A

CT proper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

bone to bone

A

ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

muscle to bone

A

tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

aponeurosis

A

a sheetlike tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

sharpeys fiber

A

proton of lig. or tendon insert into bone or cementum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

loose CT

A

abundant ground substance with sparse fibers an cells

located under ep layer that cover body surface and line body cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

> fiber concentration, providing structural support

A

dense CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

irregular Dense Ct

A

irregular arrangemnt of fbers and cells

majority of dense CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

dermis

submucosa of GI

fibrous capsule

A

irregular dense CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

ordered rrangement of fibers and cells

i

A

redular dense Ct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

tendon

lig

aponeurosis

A

regular Dense Ct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

resident cell pop.

A

fibroblast(most common)

myofibroblast

adipocytes

macrophage

mast cell

mesenchymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

transient cell pop

A

lymphocyte

neutrophil

monocyte

plasma cells

eosinophils

basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

secete product thru duct

A

exocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

sweat saliva sebum

digestive enzymes

A

exocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

endocrine glands

A

secrete products into bloodstream

68
Q

secrete various peptides

69
Q

unicell and multicell

A

single sec unit vs multiple

70
Q

goblet vs gastric cells

A

single vs. multiple sec units

71
Q

merocrine

A

secretory producrt released from secretory granules

72
Q

major salivary glands, panc. acinar cells

73
Q

apocrine

A

secretoyr product relased with cytoplasm

74
Q

mamm gland, apocrine

sweat gland

A

apocrine gland

75
Q

holocrine gland

A

secretory products released with porton of cell

ex. is sebacious gland

76
Q

simple duct structure

A

unbranched

ex. is sweat gland

77
Q

compound

A

branched

ex. major salivary glands and pancreas

78
Q

tubular secretoyr unit

A

secretory portion shaped like a tube

ext. intestinal glans

79
Q

colied secretory unit

A

secretory portion shaped like a coiled tube

ex. is eccrine sweat gland

80
Q

acinar gland

A

secretory portion shaped lke sac like dilation

81
Q

tubuloacinar glands

A

combo of tubular and acinar

ex. major salivary glands

82
Q

mucus

A

viscous secretion

83
Q

ex. subling salivary glands

goblet cells

84
Q

h2o secretion

85
Q

parotid salivary gland

von ebner sal gland

paneth cells

gastric chief cells

A

serous secretion

86
Q

mixed secretion

A

combo of mucus and secretion

ex. is submand saliary gland

87
Q

structure of sal glands

A

lobes subdivided by CT septa

88
Q

sal gland

A

lobe–> lobules–> terminal secretory units

89
Q

contain cell seceting glycoprotein

and H2O elements of saliva

A

terminal sec. unit

90
Q

lined with simple cub. ep

A

terminal secretory unit

91
Q

secretory

A

serous and mucus cells

92
Q

contractile cells

A

myoep cells

93
Q

intercalated ducts

A

transports salva to larger duct

lined with simple cub. ep.

94
Q

striated ducts

A

modifies salivary electrolyte

numerous elong. mitochondria give striatd appearance

95
Q

lined by simple low columnar ep

A

striated ducts

96
Q

terminal exc. duct

A

transports saliva to oral cavity

97
Q

lined by presudostrat. columnar ep.

A

terminal exc. duct

98
Q

avasc. CT

blood supply from pericondirum

A

cartiledge

99
Q

compsoed of condrocytes

and reside in lacunae

and surrounded by own specialized ECM

A

cartieldge

100
Q

chondroblasts

A

initial cartilagenic cellls

101
Q

cartieldge matrix

A

type 2 collagen

102
Q

ground substance ; hydrophillic

A

cartiledg matrix

103
Q

ground substance of cartieldge matrix

A

GAGS; hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate

104
Q

proteoglycan

GAGS

A

make up ground substance of Cart. matrix

105
Q

innr cell layer of perichondrium

A

makes chondroblast

106
Q

provides protection

A

outer fibrous layer of cartiledge

107
Q

appositional growth

A

new cartiledge forms on surface of existing cartiledg

108
Q

have perichondirum

fibroblastic cells from inner perichondrium differentiate into chondroblast–> secrete matrix

A

appo. growth of cartiledge

109
Q

nw cart. from existing cart.

A

interstitial growth

110
Q

chondrocyte divide within lacunae enable new matric to be deposited

A

interstitial growth

111
Q

some perichondriumm

with close packed thin collagen fibers

112
Q

perichondrium

coll. and elastic fibers

113
Q

no perichondrium

dense collagen fibers

A

fibrocartiledge

114
Q

provide elastic properties

A

elastic cartieldge

115
Q

withstand compression and tension

A

fibrocartiledge

116
Q

provides pliability and resilience

precursor to end. bone formation

117
Q

can calcify

118
Q

nose trachea bronchi

larynx

ribs

art. surface of long bones

119
Q

elastic cart.

A

ext. ear
eus. tube

epiglottis

120
Q

IVD

art disc of TMJ

symphysis pubic

meniscus of knee

A

fibrocartiledge

121
Q

cant calcify

A

elastic and fibrocartieldge

122
Q

yellow minerlaized vasc tissue of varying degree density

123
Q

osteoblast

A

make osteoid;type 1 collagen and ground substance

mature bone form when osteoid calcifies

124
Q

calc. process

A

osteoblast trapped in spaces within min. matrix called lacunae and diff,. to osteocyte

125
Q

osteocyte

A

maintain bone matrix

maintain nourishment via vasc. tunnels within bones called canaliculi.

126
Q

function of bone

A

support

protection

movemnet

mineral storage, Ca,P

bonemarrow; hematopoesis

127
Q

osteoclacin;

A

marker of bone formation

one component of bone matrix

128
Q

binds CA and collagen

A

osteonectin

129
Q

GAG

A

ground substance

130
Q

hydroxyapetite

A

inorganic component of bone matrix

131
Q

occurs in both end. and intermembranous bone at anytime

A

appositional growth

132
Q

occurs in endochondral bone only until epiphyseal plate coses

A

interstitial growth

133
Q

mes. cells diff into osteoblast
- > secrete bone matrix within established locus of loose arranged collagen.

new matrix calcifies to form immature woven bone

over time, osteoclastic resorption of woven bone and new osteoblast matrix is deposited in more tight arranged manner

matrix calcified to form mature bone of high strength

A

Int. ossification

134
Q

flat bone of skull

maxilla

mand. body

clavicle

A

int. ossification

135
Q

endochondral oss.

A

subperiosteal bony cuff forms around already established locus of hyaline cartiledge.

grows larger and causes hypertrophy and death of chondrocyte

cartledge matric calcifies

over time, osteoclastic resorption of calcified cartiledg occurs and new osteoblastic matrix deposited to form mature bone

136
Q

long bone

vertebrae

mand. condyles

A

end. ossification

137
Q

occurs in both end. and intermembranous oss at any time

A

appositional growth

138
Q

occurs in endochondral bone only until epiphyseal plates close

A

interstitial growth

139
Q

cortical bone

A

haversian system

140
Q

concentric bone matrix lamellae surrounding cnetral hav canal containing neurovasc. bundles

caniliculi connect to the central canal by volksmans canal

space b/n osteon is omposed of previous osteonal lamellae called interstitial lamellae

A

haversian system description

141
Q

cancellous bone

A

is lamellar like cortical bone

config, and arrangement is less dense.

142
Q

lamellae of cancellous bone

A

thin spicules called trabeculae

if thick enuf contain osteons

(b/n trabeculae are marrow spaces of various sizes)

trabeculae follow line of stress

143
Q

periosteum

A

fibrous CT capsule surorunding outer surface bone

144
Q

collagne fibroblast

osteoprogenitor cells

A

periosteum

145
Q

one cell layer thick mostly of osteoprogenitor cells that line inner surface bone.

has bone marrow

146
Q

yellow marrow

A

fat cells

predominat emarrow type in maxilla and mandible

147
Q

hemapoeitic cells

found in mand. ramus and condyles

A

red marrow

148
Q

multi nuc. giant cell that reside in resorption bays known as howship lacunae

A

osteoclast

149
Q

make large number of hydrolytic nzymes from ruffled border

A

osteoclast

150
Q

proton lower pH at site of resorption, subsequently dissolving calc. bone matrix

after collegnases and proteases digest decalc. bone matrix

A

osteoclast

151
Q

fracture repair

A

blood clot forms

bridging callus formation

periosteal callus formation

new end. bone formation

152
Q

PTH

A

stim. osteoclastic bone resorption
sec. by parathyroid gland

153
Q

calcitonin

A

inh. osteoclastic bone resorption
sec. by parafolllicular cells of tyroid gland

154
Q

immovable joint

A

synarthrosis

155
Q

ampiarthrosis

A

slightly movablejoint

156
Q

diarthosis

A

fully moveable joint

157
Q

joined by firbous CT

A

fibrous CT

158
Q

suture

159
Q

radius ulna

tibia fibula

A

syndesmosis

160
Q

tooth socket

161
Q

cartilagenous

A

joined by cartiledge

162
Q

synchondrosis

A

epiphyseal plate of long bone

163
Q

symhysis pubis

164
Q

synovial

A

freely movable

lined by synovial membrane

165
Q

majority of joints

A

synovial joint

NBDE anatomy (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions