Paediatric Nephrology Flashcards
what is proteinura
protein in urine
nephrotic syndrome
what is haemautria
blood in urine
nephritic syndrome
what are examples of nephrotic syndromes
minimal change
focal segmental
what are examples of nephritc syndromes
acute post strep infectio
IgA vasculitis
what is minimal change also called
steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome
what is focal segmental GN also called
steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome
how does nephrotic syndrome present
swollen pale inflated weight ascites normal BP pitting in legs
what are the investigations for nephrotic syndrome
dipstick
bloods-low albumin, normal creatinine
what are the treatments for nephrotic syndrome
anti-inflammatory
immunosupproesnt-prednison
what ar the side effects of glucocorticoid toxicity
GI side effects
adrenal cirsis
sleep disturbance
hypertension
how do you treat minimal change
4 weeks of prednuson
how do you treat focal segmental GN
cyclosporine
what’s the cause of nephritic syndrome
systemic-clotting disorder
GN
tumour
UTI
what’s the presentation of nephritic syndrome
hypertension
raised JVP
peripheral odeam
pallor
what’s the cause of post infection GN
usually strep
throat 7-10 days
skin 2-4 weeks
what’s the pathology of post infection
antibody complexes forming in the glomerulus
desposits in the kidney
leads to AKI
how do you treat post infection
antibiotcis
support renal functions
diuretics for hypertension
what is IgA vasculitis
non strep post infection
what’s the cause of IgA vasculities
viral UTI
strep
drugs
what’s the clinical features of IgA vascualtis
palpable purpura 1-3 days after trigger abdominal pain arthritis real involvement
what are the investigations
biospy-IgA
what is the treatment for IgA vasculities
glucocorticoid therapy
immunosuppresion
what is AKI
abrupt loss of kidney function leading to the retention of urea and waste products
what’s the causes of AKI
pre renal
perufion-drugs, stenosis
intrinisc- GN, tubular injury
post-renal- sontes, scarring
what’s the presentation of AKI
oliguria
hypertension
rapid rise in creatinine
how do you treat AKI
monitor
maintain hydration
minimise drugs
what is haemolytic uraemia syndrome
enterohaemorrhagic e.coli passes from intestine to kidneys and destroys small vessels
what is the presentation of HUS
blood in diarrohea
fever
vomiting
triad- haemolytic anemia, thrombocytopnai, AKI
what is the treatment for HUS
3ms
what is the diagnosis of UTi in children
clinical signs plus
bacteria culture and any suprapubic aspiration
what are the symptoms of UTI in neonates
fever
vomitting
lethary
irritability
what are the symptoms in non-verbal children
fecer abdominal pain tender poor feeing lethary
what are the symptoms in verbal children
abdominal pain and tenderness
fever
malaise
vomitting
what are the investigations for UTI
dipstick
midstream urine
collection pads
catheter sample
what are the complications of UTI
vesico-uteric refleux
what is the treatment for UTI
lower- 3 days antibi
upper-7-10 days trimethoprim co-amoxiclav
fluids
hygiene
what are the causes of CKI
congenital reflex neprhopathy obstructive uropathy cystic kidney disease GN hypertension bone health
what is the presentation of CKI
weight loss
polyuria
lethargy
