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Paediatrics > Paediatric Nephrology > Flashcards

Paediatric Nephrology Flashcards

1
Q

what is proteinura

A

protein in urine

nephrotic syndrome

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2
Q

what is haemautria

A

blood in urine

nephritic syndrome

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3
Q

what are examples of nephrotic syndromes

A

minimal change

focal segmental

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4
Q

what are examples of nephritc syndromes

A

acute post strep infectio

IgA vasculitis

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5
Q

what is minimal change also called

A

steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome

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6
Q

what is focal segmental GN also called

A

steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome

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7
Q

how does nephrotic syndrome present

A 
swollen 
pale 
inflated weight
ascites
normal BP
pitting in legs
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8
Q

what are the investigations for nephrotic syndrome

A

dipstick

bloods-low albumin, normal creatinine

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9
Q

what are the treatments for nephrotic syndrome

A

anti-inflammatory

immunosupproesnt-prednison

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10
Q

what ar the side effects of glucocorticoid toxicity

A

GI side effects
adrenal cirsis
sleep disturbance
hypertension

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11
Q

how do you treat minimal change

A

4 weeks of prednuson

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12
Q

how do you treat focal segmental GN

A

cyclosporine

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13
Q

what’s the cause of nephritic syndrome

A

systemic-clotting disorder
GN
tumour
UTI

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14
Q

what’s the presentation of nephritic syndrome

A

hypertension
raised JVP
peripheral odeam
pallor

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15
Q

what’s the cause of post infection GN

A

usually strep
throat 7-10 days
skin 2-4 weeks

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16
Q

what’s the pathology of post infection

A

antibody complexes forming in the glomerulus
desposits in the kidney
leads to AKI

17
Q

how do you treat post infection

A

antibiotcis
support renal functions
diuretics for hypertension

18
Q

what is IgA vasculitis

A

non strep post infection

19
Q

what’s the cause of IgA vasculities

A

viral UTI
strep
drugs

20
Q

what’s the clinical features of IgA vascualtis

A 
palpable purpura 
1-3 days after trigger 
abdominal pain
arthritis 
real involvement
21
Q

what are the investigations

A

biospy-IgA

22
Q

what is the treatment for IgA vasculities

A

glucocorticoid therapy

immunosuppresion

23
Q

what is AKI

A

abrupt loss of kidney function leading to the retention of urea and waste products

24
Q

what’s the causes of AKI

A

pre renal
perufion-drugs, stenosis
intrinisc- GN, tubular injury
post-renal- sontes, scarring

25
Q

what’s the presentation of AKI

A

oliguria
hypertension
rapid rise in creatinine

26
Q

how do you treat AKI

A

monitor
maintain hydration
minimise drugs

27
Q

what is haemolytic uraemia syndrome

A

enterohaemorrhagic e.coli passes from intestine to kidneys and destroys small vessels

28
Q

what is the presentation of HUS

A

blood in diarrohea
fever
vomiting
triad- haemolytic anemia, thrombocytopnai, AKI

29
Q

what is the treatment for HUS

A

3ms

30
Q

what is the diagnosis of UTi in children

A

clinical signs plus

bacteria culture and any suprapubic aspiration

31
Q

what are the symptoms of UTI in neonates

A

fever
vomitting
lethary
irritability

32
Q

what are the symptoms in non-verbal children

A 
fecer
abdominal pain
tender 
poor feeing
lethary
33
Q

what are the symptoms in verbal children

A

abdominal pain and tenderness
fever
malaise
vomitting

34
Q

what are the investigations for UTI

A

dipstick
midstream urine
collection pads
catheter sample

35
Q

what are the complications of UTI

A

vesico-uteric refleux

36
Q

what is the treatment for UTI

A

lower- 3 days antibi
upper-7-10 days trimethoprim co-amoxiclav
fluids
hygiene

37
Q

what are the causes of CKI

A 
congenital 
reflex neprhopathy 
obstructive uropathy
cystic kidney disease
GN
hypertension
bone health
38
Q

what is the presentation of CKI

A

weight loss
polyuria
lethargy

Paediatrics (21 decks)

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