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Paediatrics > Neonatology > Flashcards

Neonatology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of a neonate

A

neonate is an infant int he first 28 days after birth

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2
Q

when does the development of CVS occur

A

begins toward the end of the third week
heart starts to beat at the beginning of 4th week
critical days 20-25 days after fertilisations

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3
Q

where does oxygenated blood come from

A

umbilical vein

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4
Q

what is the function os ductus venous

A

takes blood from oxygenated umbilical vein to IVC

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5
Q

what is ductus arteriosos

A

protects the lungs against circulatory overload

connects trunk of pul artery to descending aorta

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6
Q

what is the BP of 1 hour child

A

70/44

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7
Q

what is bp after 1 day

A

70+-9/42+-12

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8
Q

what is bp after 3 days

A

77+-12/49+-10

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9
Q

what is the resp rate

A

30-60/ min

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10
Q

what is the HR

A

120-160

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11
Q

what is tachycardia

A

> 160

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12
Q

what is bradycardia

A

<100

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13
Q

how to neonates thermoregulate

A

lack shivering

brown fat used to make heat

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14
Q

how is heat lost

A

radiation
convection
evaporation
conduction

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15
Q

describe jaundice in neonates

A 
appears day 2-3 
up to 21 days in premature infants 
most come from haemoglobin 
metabolised in the liver 
can cause irreversible changes in the brain
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16
Q

how do you treat jaundice

A

exchange transfusion and phototherapy

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17
Q

how is fluid balanced in new borns

A

weight loss up to 10% is normal

18
Q

how if fluid balanced jn premature infants

A 
less fat 
increased loss through kidney 
slower GFR
reduced na absorption 
decreased ability to concentrate or dilute urine 
insensible water loss
19
Q

what is anaemia in a new-born

A 
born with hb 15-20g/l
week 10 hb 11.4g/l
anaemia caused by reduced erythropoiesis 
infection
blood letting
20
Q

what are the maternal causes of SGA

A

pre-eclampsia

21
Q

what are the foetal causes of SGA

A

chromosomal

infection

22
Q

what are the placental causes of SGA

A

placental abruption

23
Q

what are other causes of SGA

A

twin pregnancy

blood is shunted from one twin to another

24
Q

what are common problems of SGA

A 
peritonea hypoxia
hypoglycaemia 
hypothermia
polycythaemia
thrombocytopenia 
GI and feeding problems
25
Q

what is the management of a preterm baby

A

NUTRITION
enormous nutrition
patients triple their size
building new function tissue

26
Q

what are long term problems with being preterm

A

hypertension
reduced growth
ismchaemic heart disease

27
Q

what is respiratory distress syndrome

A

when the lungs aren’t fully developed and cannot provide organs with 02
treat with surfactant
prevent with steroids for the mum

28
Q

what is broncho-pulmonary dysplasia BPD

A 
caused by the over stretch of lungs
happens when use of a respirator
can be caused by infection
inflammatory changes and scarring
treat with nutrition and steroids
29
Q

how do you treat apnoea

A

double espresso

30
Q

what is intravenricular haemorrhage IVH

A

bleeding into the ventricles of the brain

treat with steroids and drainage

31
Q

what is persistent ductus arteriosis

A 
leads to pressure from aorta going to pul artery
additional blood to pulmonary circulation
over perfusion of legs
leg oedema 
steals from systemic circulation 
retention of fluid
GI problems
right sided heart failure
32
Q

what is necrotising entero-colitis NEC

A

inflammatory and ischeamic changes

necrosis of the bowel

33
Q

what are the outcomes of extreme prematuirty

A 
unpredictable 
deterioration between 2 and 6 
some die 
some have mild disability 
some have severe disability
34
Q

what are benign conditions or ones that revolve themselves

A 
plethora
cyansis
erythema toxicum
Mongolian blue spot
stork marks
port wine stain 
strawberry navus
35
Q

what is the useful triad

A 
pink 
sweet
warm
hypoxia
hypoglycaemia 
hypothermia
36
Q

what are symptoms of hypoglycaemia

A 
jitteriness
temperature instabulity
lethargy
vomitng 
poor suck
seizures
37
Q

what is the cause of a cleft lip

A

failure of formation from medial and axially nasal process

38
Q

what is the pathology of jaudice

A

uncongugated bilirubin in the blood

liver enyzyme pathways are immature

39
Q

what are the causes

A

haemolysis
congenital infection
sepsis hypothyroidism
pyloric stenosis

40
Q

what are the symptoms of sepsi

A 
pyrexia 
poor feeding
lethargy
early jaundice 
floppy
41
Q

what is the treatment for sepsis

A

iv penicillin and gentamicin

iv vneocymin and gentamicin

42
Q

what are casuses of sepsis

A

toxiplasmosis
CMV
herpes

Paediatrics (21 decks)

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