p342

Question 1

Antibiotic therapy can be helpful for prevention of rheumatic fever if initiated up to how
many hours/days following onset of symptoms of Group-A streptococcal throat infection?

Answer 1

9 days

Question 2

neonatal Respiratory distress syndrome is caused by:_______________________.
and has this x ray sign:_________________.

Answer 2

pulmonary surfactant deficiency in the lungs of
neonates born at < 37 weeks gestation.

diffuse
(spread out over a large area; not concentrated) atelectasis classically described as having a
ground-glass appearance +
Air bronchograms

Question 3

The most common location of osteomyelitis is:

Answer 3

the metaphysis of the distal femur and proximal tibia

Question 4

Osteomyelitis: The most prevalent pathogens are:

Answer 4

The most prevalent pathogens are the
same as those seen in septic arthritis. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen,
with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci a distant second. Neonates are at risk for group B
beta-hemolytic streptococci

Question 5

What pathogen is commonly found in osteomyelitis, for Sickle cell disease patients?

Answer 5

Salmonella… However…

it is still less common than Staph aureus in these patients

Question 6

pseudomembranous colitis.

Causal agent and Tx

Answer 6

caused by the toxins produced by Clostridium difficile.

metronidazole

Question 7

T/F For management of transposition of the great arteries. Surgical repair is usually performed within 7 to 10 days of life

Answer 7

T

Question 8

petit mal or absence seizures. How does the EEG look like?

Answer 8

Generalized symmetric 3-per-second spike and wave pattern

Question 9

infantile spasm. How does the EEG look like?

Answer 9

Hypsarryhthmia

Question 10

Lower urinary tract obstruction in a newborn or young boy should be assumed to be caused by:

Answer 10

posterior urethral valves until proven otherwise.

Question 11

posterior urethral valves dx

Answer 11

The diagnosis can be confirmed by voiding

cystourethography or by endoscopy of the urethra.

Question 12

“infected ant bites” (pustular) management

Answer 12

Recommend that the lesions be kept clean.
No ATB required.
The lesions described are typical of fire ant bites and are not infected.

Question 13

For allergies: Immunotherapy may induce cellular suppression after ____ years.
Patients who stop venom immunotherapy after____ years continue to be at Moderate risk of systemic reaction to future stings.

Answer 13

4 or 5

1 or 2

Question 14

Characteristic gingival lesions are seen, appearing as marginal punched-out, crater-like depressions of the interdental gingival papillae and gingival margin.
Dx?

Answer 14

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG, known as trench mouth)

Question 15

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis . Management

Answer 15

Management includes removing predisposing factors such as stress, fatigue, heavy smoking, and poor nutrition that can cause tissue breakdown.

Mouth rinses with warm half-strength hydrogen peroxide are useful.

When fever and lymphadenopathy occur,
antibiotic treatment is warranted and penicillin is the drug of choice. Tetracycline and
erythromycin are good alternatives.

Question 16

Sinusitis Treatment (first and … lines)

Answer 16

If the patient is allergic to amoxicillin, either cefdinir, cefuroxime, or cefpodoxime can be
used (only if the allergic reaction was not a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction).
In cases of serious allergic reactions, clarithromycin or azithromycin can be used.

always choose those over erythro cuz….

Consider use of erythromycin in children < 12 years of age only if benefits outweigh the risks, as safety in this population has not been established.