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GCSE RE > P2- Peace and Conflict > Flashcards

P2- Peace and Conflict Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Bible teach about violence?

A

-Violence is a rejection of the ideals God wants for the world
-Jesus taught that seeds of bitterness, anger etc need to be controlled as they may lead to violence
-Wrong thoughts can turn into bad actions (Cain and Abel)
-People need an inner calm to avoid violence

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2
Q

Story of Cain and Abel (5 points)

A

-Cain was jealous of his brother Abel
-God said to Cain ‘Sin is lurking at the door, you must master it’
-Cain’s angry thoughts led to violence
-Cain killed Abel
-God said to Cain ‘Your brother’s blood is crying out to me from the ground’

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3
Q

What does the Bible teach about bullying?

A

-Bullying is a destructive form of violence
-Words can destroy one’s self esteem , causing fear and leaving them with a sense of powerlessness
-Comments published online can bring even more distress

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4
Q

Definition of forgiveness

A

Showing grace and mercy, and pardoning someone for what they have done wrong

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5
Q

What does the Bible teach about forgiveness?

A

-Jesus forgave Peter for denying knowing him
-Jesus tells Peter to forgive “seventy seven times”
-Parable of the Unforgiving Servant
-Lord’s Prayer says to “Forgive us our trespasses…”

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6
Q

Why do Christians believe forgiveness is important?

A

-It shows grace and mercy and pardons someone for their sins
-Jesus asked God how to forgive those who crucified him

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7
Q

Why do Christians believe reconciliation is important?

A

-It brings a stronger relationship
-It brings a peaceful future
-It brings appreciation and acceptance,
-It brings an opportunity to live without fear and learn from past mistakes

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8
Q

What does the Bible teach about reconciliation?

A

-Jesus emphasised the importance of reconciliation by saying that if you are bringing a gift to God but have a problem with someone you need to sort it out first
-Reconciliation leads to the peace Jesus prayer for at the Last Supper

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9
Q

Why do Christians believe justice is important?

A

-It is God’s desire that everyone should be treated fairly

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10
Q

What does the Bible teach about justice?

A

-The Old Testament prophet Amos taught that justice is more important than ensuring worship is done correctly

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11
Q

What is the link between justice and human dignity?

A

-Injustices can cause people to lose their sense of self-worth
-It can deny people dignity as they have been treated unfairly

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12
Q

Why do many Christians agree with righteous anger?

A

-It is acceptable as it can be controlled and channelled into positive action which can improve a situation
-Although Jesus taught that anger should be avoided whenever possible, he showed righteous anger when he turned the tables over in the Temple

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13
Q

Why do some Christians disagree with violent protest as a response to justice?

A

-Most Catholics agree with the UK law that it is legitimate to protest peacefully and may protest against injustices in public
-may take part in peaceful marches or processions to make their point
-Many Christians believe violent protest is an ineffective and damaging way to create change and may result in a loss of life

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14
Q

Why do some people agree with violent protest as a response to injustice?

A

-Some support it provided no people are harmed
-Some join protests accepting they may lead to more violence, if they believe it’s the only way to get the govt to take notice
-Some supported violent protests by the suffragettes movement in early 20th century

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15
Q

What are the conditions of the Just war Theory?

A

1) Must be a last resort
2) Innocent civilians should not be attacked
3) Must be declared by a legitimate authority like a state
4) Must be a reasonable chance of winning/ bringing peace
5) Must be a just cause like self defence
6) Only proportional force should be used e.g no WMD

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16
Q

What are some contrasting views on the just war theory?

A

-It’s dangerous as it could be used to defend the concept of war (outdated and not relevant)
-We should only support a war meeting just war criteria as only then is it justified
-It’s much better if war can be avoided by working together with the UN to avoid conflict
-Army should only go to war when there has been a major abuse of power

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17
Q

What are the 5 reasons why the Catholic Church disagree with Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)?

A

1) Completely indiscriminate with long term effects
2) Totally disproportionate to any possible success that might follow
-Possibility of success is so small no “victors, only victims”
-Cost of WMD is huge which prevents gov spending money to improve lives
-Possession of WMD increases tension which makes the world feel less safe

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18
Q

Why might some people agree with WMD?

A

-Having nuclear weapons deters aggressive attacks from other countries
-Having such weapons is important for self defence particularly when other countries also have them

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19
Q

What are the consequences of modern warfare?

A

-Civilian casualties
-Refugees harmed
-Environmental damage

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20
Q

What does the Catholic church believe about civilian casualties as a consequence of modern warfare?

A

-It is wrong for civilians to be attacked or threatened instead they should be protected
-‘Non combatants, wounded soldiers, and prisoners must be respected and treated humanely’ (Catechism)

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21
Q

What are the effects of modern warfare on refugees?

A

-Civilians forced to flee fighting due to destroyed homes or serious risk of death
-Flee with few possessions and have difficulty rebuilding their lives
-End up living in refugee camps in poor conditions
-refugees should be welcomed by all countries

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22
Q

What does the Catholic Church believe about refugees?

A

Refugees should be welcomed and protected by all countries. The Church actively campaigns for govts and individuals to help

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23
Q

Problems with environmental damage as a consequence of modern warfare?

A

-Huge areas of land are destroyed
-Using chemical weapons can affect the vegetation for decades after a war has ended

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24
Q

What is the contrasting view on using destructive weapons and the consequences of modern warfare?

A

-Some believe it’s acceptable as they end wars more quickly
-Some argue Britain hasn’t got enough resources to support lots of refugees/ asylum seekers

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25
What are the beliefs about religion and belief as a reason for war and violence?
-There's rarely one reason for war -Religion is one of the major causes -E.g the Crusades, the Troubles -Jesus taught that the use of violence is rarely justified
26
List a few causes of war
-Religion -Politics -Economics -Self defence -Retaliation -To gain resources or land
27
What does the Old Testament teach about war?
-Israelites were forced to establish themselves in the Promised Land to defend their country and they were persecuted people fighting for survival -OT passages show God's wish for peace for all and no war
28
What does 'Eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth' from Exodus teach about war and violence in the OT?
-It is acceptable to return violence with violence -It was written as an attempt to reduce punishment to only the individuals involved
29
Why do some Christians agree with the concept of a Holy War? (What are the conditions of a Holy War?)
-A Holy War must be approved by a religious leader with great authority (Pope) -The purpose of the war should be to defend the Christian faith from attack -Those who take part will earn spiritual rewards -An example is the Crusades
30
Why do some Christians disagree with the concept of Holy War/ Religion and belief as a reason for war and violence?
Christians are more likely to use the power of argument rather than military strength instead of having a Holy War
31
Why do some Christians agree with pacifism?
-Jesus taught it is much better to try and bring peace than use violence -Early Christians would not fight -Examples like Martin Luther King and Martin of Tours were pacifists -After WW2, some Catholics founded Pax Christi (The Peace of Christ) to try and reconcile
32
What does the Catholic church believe about pacifism?
-Everyone and every nation has the right to defend themselves but emphasises the need to use non-violent approaches first to resolve conflicts -Force may be necessary in self-defence or to protect the weak
33
Examples of Pacifist beliefs
-It's always wrong to fight -Jesus taught peace is better than violence -Moral beliefs in the sanctity of life -War never solves problems and causes such destruction
34
Contrasting views against Pacifist beliefs
-Force is sometimes necessary to solve disputes -Duty of a country to defend its people -Peace can only be built on mutual respect -Countries not prepared to fight are considered weak -Sometimes all negotiations fail and war is necessary
35
3 Catholic agencies that try to help victims
-CAFOD -Aid to the Church in Need -Caritas International
36
What is Terrorism?
The unlawful use of violence usually against innocent civilians to achieve religious and political goals (undermine the gov)
37
What is Extremism?
Vocal or active opposition to fundamental British values
38
2 Biblical perspectives on Terrorism
1) Paul taught everyone should obey authorities as they have been put in charge by God 'Let every person be subject to the governing bodies" (Romans 13) 2) Paul's command 'Never avenge yourselves' (Romans 12) shows violence and terrorism is always wrong
39
Catholic Church's teachings on Terrorism
Pope Francis said it' wrong to carry out acts of terrorism in the name of God 'Terrorism threatens, wounds and kills indiscriminately; it is gravely against justice and charity' (Catechism)
40
2 contrasting views on what motivates terrorists
1) Some believe they are motivated by their religion 2) Others say they have a distorted and inaccurate view of the world and what God would want: their actions have been completely rejected by the religion they claim to represent
41
What is torture?
The action of inflicting severe physical or psychological pain on someone as a punishment or in order to force them to do or say something
42
Why might some people agree with torture?
Getting information may prevent a greater wrong and therefore can be justified e.g to prevent a terrorist attack
43
5 reasons the Catholic church opposes torture
1) It views it as barbaric 2) It is illegal 3) It denies the victim their basic human rights 4) International law doesn't allow it even in war 5) Catholics see it as always wrong and inhumane
44
What is radicalisation?
Adopting extreme views on religious, social or political issues
45
Catholic view on radicalisation
The Church focuses on mutual respect so it is concerned about radicalisation as it can make people unwilling to accept any alternative views
46
Modern view on radicalisation
-It tends to take place amongst younger people who feel rejected by society or religion -Seen by most as a threat to the unity of society and can potentially lead to terrorism
47
2 contrasting views on radicalisation
1) Some believe it is the fault of individuals or groups who must be stopped 2) Others say society must prevent people from feeling left out by using education systems, tackling inequality and ensuring nobody feels rejected
48
What is a martyr?
A person who suffers or dies because of their beliefs
49
What is martyrdom?
Being willing to die rather than renounce their beliefs
50
2 Biblical teachings on martyrdom
1) 'Let them deny themselves and take up their cross and follow me'- Matthew 16:24 2)'Blessed are you when people revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you falsely on my account'- Matthew 16:24 (The Beatitudes)
51
Catholic Church's view on martyrdom
-Values martyrs for following Jesus' example -Christians should reject standards against Jesus' teachings -Through their example, martyrs bear witness to the truth of their faith and encourage others to reject wrong standards -Doesn't accept radicals killing themselves in suicide bombings as martyrs
52
Contrasting views on martyrdom
-Many in Britain admire others who stand up for their beliefs -Some would argue no belief is worth dying for and there are more effective ways to challenge others' beliefs than by dying for a cause
53
What is peacemaking?
Working for peace in the world and trying to get rid of the causes of tension that leads to conflict
54
What is conflict resolution?
Creating peace where there have been disputes
55
What are the 2 organisations that strive for peace?
Pax Christi Justice and Peace Commission
56
How does Pax Christi strive for peace?
-Works in 50+ countries to establish peace based on mutual respect, justice and reconciliation -Aims to get involved at an early stage of conflict so peaceful resolution can be found without using violence -Raises awareness in schools -Protests against WMD -Campaigns for less money to be spent on the military
57
How does the Justice and Peace Organisation strive for peace?
-It is a national organisation that works within each diocese of the Catholic Church -Aims to help reduce violence and tension by focusing on respect for the individual and all of creation -Campaigns to remove nuclear weapons -Raises awareness of situations where people are deprived of their rights and needs
58
2 Catholic Church teachings on Peacemaking
-'Peace is not merely the absence of war. Instead it is rightly called an enterprise of justice'- Pope Benedict- Christians need to work to live in a peaceful world and will only be achieved through equality and fairness in society -'Blessed are the peacemakers'- The Beatitudes- Jesus calls his followers to work for peace in the world in their own lives but also on a global scale
59
What are the 2 Catholic agencies that strive for Conflict resolution and support victims of war?
CAFOD Aid to the Church in need (ACN)
60
How does CAFOD strive for conflict resolution and support victims of war?
Established orphanages and rehabilitation centres in Sierra Leone after the civil war to help children who had been forced to become child soldiers
61
How does Aid to the Church in need (ACN) strive for conflict resolution and support victims of war?
-Spent almost 1 million providing shelter, food and water to those in the Syrian civil war and to thousands of refugees compelled to leave the country
62
How has the Pope made an effort to resolve conflicts?
-2013= urged people to pray for peace in Eastern Ukraine, highlighting the number of civilian casualties -2014= organised a meeting of prayer between the presidents of Israel and Palestine -2014= organised a football match in Rome's Olympic Stadium to raise funds for children affected by war. Many people of different religions took part

GCSE RE (23 decks)

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